Cassia siamea Role in Diabetes Management: Insights from In vitro and In silico Investigations on α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which spread globally and it is expected that by 2030 diabetes prevalence will rise more than 300 million. The present study reports that the extraction of Cassia siamea leaves has been carried out using maceration and percolation method where percolation method was more effective for good extractive yield compared to macerates. Several preliminary phytochemical screening, were carried out for the identification of phytoconstituents present in the extracts. Potential of C. siamea leaves as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions were found to be promising. The Petroleum ether extract in percolation showed good inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ 33.38 ± 0.54 μg/ml and 1.69 ± 0.06 μg/ml). In addition, the prospective of reported compounds of C. siamea were evaluated using molecular docking and predictive binding affinity studies against the 1HNY and 2ZE0 as anti-diabetic agents. It has been observed that compounds such as Cassiamin A, Cassiamin B, Cassiarin B and Chrolisiamone A showed effective binding affinity towards 1HNY (-60.18 kcal/mol, -49.09 kcal/mol, -42.08 kcal/mol, -53.74 kcal/mol) and 2ZE0 (-40.31 kcal/mol, -55.00 kcal/mol, -47.33 kcal/mol, -52.23 kcal/mol). The existence of these compounds in the crude extracts could be linked to their ability to inhibit activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase.