Coriandrum Sativum-Derived Catalysts for Eco-Friendly Knoevenagel Condensation: Experimental Investigation and Central Composite Design
摘要
The aim of this study is to investigate the heterogeneous catalyst effect of tree products derived from the powder of Coriandrum Sativum seeds GCD, GCF and GCA on Knoevenagel condensation reaction of various substituted benzaldehydes with an active methylene compound malononitrile, as a new ecofriendly, reusable and natural catalyst. The effect of several reaction parameters on the corresponding catalytic behavior was studied. All results have shown that GCA had given the highest catalyst rate and could be regenerated without significant loss of catalyst activity. The GCA catalyst can be reused up to five times without any degradation in activity. Finally, the central composite design (CCD) was studied for modelling the catalysis process through a comparative study between the number of preformed experiments and “one variable at a time” approach. A second order polynomial equation was successfully used for describing this process. The equation was reduced due to the presence of statistical insignificant term polynomial equation.