Confronting Multidrug Resistance with Antibiotics Incorporated with Silver Nanoparticles; A Case Study on MDR Salmonella

Multiple drug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge requiring new and improved therapies to halt the menace. Biogenic silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Isoberlinia doka, characterized and incorporated into candidate antibiotics against MDR-Salmonella species. Salmonella isolates obtained from faecal samples of fever patients were characterised for resistance against antibiotics. Silver nanoparticles were synthesised from Isoberlinia doka, characterised, and incorporated into chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin to determine their synergistic effect against the resistant Salmonella strains. The AgNP with the size 16 nm had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.62 mg⁄mL and a minimum bacterial concentration of 1.25 mg⁄mL. The synergistic effect with the highest fold area recorded was AgNP + chloramphenicol (3.0) while the lowest was 2.03. The increased fold area of AgNP + ciprofloxacin is higher than AgNP + chloramphenicol with the highest fold area of 9.79. The study showed that MDR-Salmonella species are high in the study area, and synthesized AgNP from the Isoberlinia doka plant incorporated into conventional antibiotics showed increased efficacy against MDR-Salmonella species.