A Facile Synthesis of MgO Decorated Spinel Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract: Its Application in EBT Dye Removal

Proposed work describes a simple technique for production of bio-synthesized Magnesium oxide modified magnetite nanoparticles (MgO@MNPs) for the removal of Eriochrome black T (EBT) dyes using Almond (Terminalia catappa) leaf extract (ALE). The adsorption conditions were tuned for the maximal removal of EBT dyes by altering many physicochemical factors, including pH, initial concentration of EBT dye, MgO@MNPs dosage, contact time, and reaction temperature. The Langmuir model was found to be suitable for describing the adsorption process, which had a high adsorption capacity (q_max) of 208.33 mg/g for removing the EBT. The kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the process were also evaluated, showing that it followed a pseudo-second-order model and was exothermic and spontaneous. Desorption was effective using NaOH, and the adsorbent could be reused for at least seven cycles with at least 96% removal percentage of EBT dye. A comparison table was provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of this study, which presents a promising approach for practical applications in wastewater treatment.