Recent Development in Drugs of Abuse Detection: From Electrochemical Sensors to Microfluidic Coupled Electrochemical Sensors

Drugs of abuse (illicit narcotics) are a significant problem in our culture, and both youth and adults are using them at frightening rates. Drug addiction have serious negative consequences such as: sexual assault, crime, and serious health problems. Herein, we report reviews on microfluidics and electrochemical methods applied on drugs of abuse detection using various substrate and different fabrication technique. Microfluidics and electrochemical methods give fast response, they are inexpensive, portable and implore simple techniques, which have paved way to reliable new methods, better than conventional methods previously used. The integration of microfluidic with electrochemical method is the new trend currently being explore as it offers a brand-new knowledge that is particularly beneficial for creating smart platforms for handling complex samples, chemical interactions, and biomedical sensing. Therefore, microfluidic coupled electrochemical method is a good research area that can be further explore.