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<p>In this study, Zn<sub>0.4</sub>Ni<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (ZNCFO) ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a Sol-gel auto-combustion method using high-purity metal nitrates and citric acid as a fuel, followed by calcination at 600&#xa0;°C to yield a phase-pure spinel structure. Barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub> or BTO) employed in its cubic phase without further purification, was incorporated into the ferrite matrix at nominal concentrations of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 wt% through solid-state reaction method. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was added as a temporary binder prior to palletization, and all composites were sintered at 700&#xa0;°C to promote densification and interfacial compatibility. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the coexistence of cubic spinel ferrite and cubic perovskite BaTiO<sub>3</sub> phases without evidence of secondary phases or structural degradation. The observed sharp and well-resolved peaks for both ZNCFO and BaTiO<sub>3</sub> indicate high crystallinity, with average crystallite sizes of approximately 37.80&#xa0;nm and 39.41&#xa0;nm, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed characteristic M-O stretching modes for both constituents, validating the retention of their respective crystal structures within the composite. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed homogeneous grain morphology and improved microstructural density with increasing BaTiO<sub>3</sub> content, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed uniform elemental distribution across the samples. Magnetic measurements were carried out by vibrating sample magnetometers and indicated a progressive decrease in saturation magnetization from 60.416 emu/g for pure ZNCFO to 52.229 emu/g for the highest BaTiO<sub>3</sub> loading, while coercivity varied relatively with BTO content. Dielectric analysis was measured using LCR meter demonstrating enhanced permittivity and reduced dielectric loss at low frequencies for the composite materials. These results underscore the tunable electromagnetic properties of z[BaTiO<sub>3</sub>]/1-z[Zn<sub>0.4</sub>Ni<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>] composites, positioning them as promising candidates for various applications where cubic symmetry and functional coupling are desired.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced magneto-dielectric coupling in ZNCFO/BaTiO3 composites: synthesis, structural analysis, and property correlation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Hero S. Ahmed,
  • Sarkawt A. Hussen,
  • Ali M. Mohammad

摘要

In this study, Zn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2Fe2O4 (ZNCFO) ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a Sol-gel auto-combustion method using high-purity metal nitrates and citric acid as a fuel, followed by calcination at 600 °C to yield a phase-pure spinel structure. Barium titanate (BaTiO3 or BTO) employed in its cubic phase without further purification, was incorporated into the ferrite matrix at nominal concentrations of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 wt% through solid-state reaction method. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was added as a temporary binder prior to palletization, and all composites were sintered at 700 °C to promote densification and interfacial compatibility. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the coexistence of cubic spinel ferrite and cubic perovskite BaTiO3 phases without evidence of secondary phases or structural degradation. The observed sharp and well-resolved peaks for both ZNCFO and BaTiO3 indicate high crystallinity, with average crystallite sizes of approximately 37.80 nm and 39.41 nm, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed characteristic M-O stretching modes for both constituents, validating the retention of their respective crystal structures within the composite. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed homogeneous grain morphology and improved microstructural density with increasing BaTiO3 content, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed uniform elemental distribution across the samples. Magnetic measurements were carried out by vibrating sample magnetometers and indicated a progressive decrease in saturation magnetization from 60.416 emu/g for pure ZNCFO to 52.229 emu/g for the highest BaTiO3 loading, while coercivity varied relatively with BTO content. Dielectric analysis was measured using LCR meter demonstrating enhanced permittivity and reduced dielectric loss at low frequencies for the composite materials. These results underscore the tunable electromagnetic properties of z[BaTiO3]/1-z[Zn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2Fe2O4] composites, positioning them as promising candidates for various applications where cubic symmetry and functional coupling are desired.

Graphical Abstract