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<p>This work investigates the effect of Ba(Zr<sub>1/3</sub>Ti<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (BZT) incorporation on the structural, morphological, dielectric, ferroelectric, and energy storage properties of NaNbO<sub>3</sub> (NN) ceramics. The (1-x)NaNbO<sub>3</sub>-xBa(Zr<sub>1/3</sub>T<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> [(1-x)NN-xBZT] ceramics, with composition x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 were synthesized using solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the successful incorporation of BZT into the NN lattice. XRD and Raman studies reveal that (1-x)NN-xBZT ceramics undergo a structural phase transition from orthorhombic to tetragonal phase as x increases from 0 to 0.15, followed by a transformation to a pseudocubic phase at x = 0.20. These structural transitions are further supported by temperature dependent dielectric constant behavior. The Curie temperature (T<sub>C</sub>) shifts toward lower temperatures, and the dielectric transition peak becomes broader with increasing BZT content in (1-x)NN-xBZT ceramics. This behavior is attributed to reduction in grain size as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The P-E hysteresis loops and temperature dependent dielectric spectra of the (1-x)NN-xBZT ceramics indicate that higher BZT doping (x ≥ 0.10) promotes relaxor behavior. This is attributed to the formation of polar nanoregions (PNRs) arising from the ionic radius mismatch between Na and Ba, as well as among Zr, Ti, and Nb, reduction in grain size, and pseudocubic nature. Further, the 0.80NN-0.20BZT ceramic exhibits a maximum recoverable energy (W<sub>rec</sub>) of 1.05&#xa0;J/cm<sup>3</sup> with an efficiency of ~ 89% at an applied electric field of 100&#xa0;kV/cm. These ceramics also demonstrate excellent thermal stability over temperature range of 30–90&#xa0;°C, good frequency stability between 50 and 350&#xa0;Hz, and strong fatigue endurance. The corresponding W<sub>rec</sub>/E ≈ 0.0105&#xa0;J/kVcm<sup>2</sup> value is significantly higher than those reported for NN-based ceramics in the literature. Thus, the 0.80NN-0.20BZT ceramic is promising for energy storage capacitor applications, particularly under low field conditions.</p>

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Improved energy-storage performance of NaNbO3 ceramics through Ba(Zr1/3Ti2/3)O3 modification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • P. Madhushree,
  • K. C. Sekhar,
  • K. Vinod Kumar

摘要

This work investigates the effect of Ba(Zr1/3Ti2/3)O3 (BZT) incorporation on the structural, morphological, dielectric, ferroelectric, and energy storage properties of NaNbO3 (NN) ceramics. The (1-x)NaNbO3-xBa(Zr1/3T2/3)O3 [(1-x)NN-xBZT] ceramics, with composition x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 were synthesized using solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the successful incorporation of BZT into the NN lattice. XRD and Raman studies reveal that (1-x)NN-xBZT ceramics undergo a structural phase transition from orthorhombic to tetragonal phase as x increases from 0 to 0.15, followed by a transformation to a pseudocubic phase at x = 0.20. These structural transitions are further supported by temperature dependent dielectric constant behavior. The Curie temperature (TC) shifts toward lower temperatures, and the dielectric transition peak becomes broader with increasing BZT content in (1-x)NN-xBZT ceramics. This behavior is attributed to reduction in grain size as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The P-E hysteresis loops and temperature dependent dielectric spectra of the (1-x)NN-xBZT ceramics indicate that higher BZT doping (x ≥ 0.10) promotes relaxor behavior. This is attributed to the formation of polar nanoregions (PNRs) arising from the ionic radius mismatch between Na and Ba, as well as among Zr, Ti, and Nb, reduction in grain size, and pseudocubic nature. Further, the 0.80NN-0.20BZT ceramic exhibits a maximum recoverable energy (Wrec) of 1.05 J/cm3 with an efficiency of ~ 89% at an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm. These ceramics also demonstrate excellent thermal stability over temperature range of 30–90 °C, good frequency stability between 50 and 350 Hz, and strong fatigue endurance. The corresponding Wrec/E ≈ 0.0105 J/kVcm2 value is significantly higher than those reported for NN-based ceramics in the literature. Thus, the 0.80NN-0.20BZT ceramic is promising for energy storage capacitor applications, particularly under low field conditions.