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<p>Alkali-activated concrete (AAC) is a novel and eco-friendly alternative to traditional cement-based concrete, garnering considerable attention in the building industry. This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural properties of AAC, employing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as the binder, dredged marine sand (DMS) as the fine aggregate, and nanosilica (NS) as a performance-enhancing addition. The study begins by outlining the alkali activation process and the rationale for incorporating GGBS, DMS, and NS, with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) molarities ranging from 2&#xa0;M to 10&#xa0;M under ambient curing conditions. Various concrete mixtures are prepared, and their mechanical parameters, including compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths, as well as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), are evaluated. According to the experimental findings, AAC blended with 8&#xa0;M NaOH exhibited the best performance, with compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths of approximately 56.24, 3.03, and 8.57&#xa0;MPa, respectively. Durability tests showed that water absorption was lower at 3.99% and chloride-ion penetrability was low, as classified by ASTM C1202. Further, microstructural studies with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the formation of dense calcium-rich calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) gels, enhanced interfacial transition zone properties, and reduced pore connectivity, which clarifies the strength. These results indicate that GGBS-based AAC, in combination with DMS and NS, could be used as a sustainable, viable construction material.</p>

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Investigation on mechanical and microstructural properties of sustainable alkali activated GGBS concrete utilizing dredged marine sand and nano silica

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Tamilarasan A,
  • Suganya OM

摘要

Alkali-activated concrete (AAC) is a novel and eco-friendly alternative to traditional cement-based concrete, garnering considerable attention in the building industry. This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural properties of AAC, employing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as the binder, dredged marine sand (DMS) as the fine aggregate, and nanosilica (NS) as a performance-enhancing addition. The study begins by outlining the alkali activation process and the rationale for incorporating GGBS, DMS, and NS, with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) molarities ranging from 2 M to 10 M under ambient curing conditions. Various concrete mixtures are prepared, and their mechanical parameters, including compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths, as well as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), are evaluated. According to the experimental findings, AAC blended with 8 M NaOH exhibited the best performance, with compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths of approximately 56.24, 3.03, and 8.57 MPa, respectively. Durability tests showed that water absorption was lower at 3.99% and chloride-ion penetrability was low, as classified by ASTM C1202. Further, microstructural studies with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the formation of dense calcium-rich calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) gels, enhanced interfacial transition zone properties, and reduced pore connectivity, which clarifies the strength. These results indicate that GGBS-based AAC, in combination with DMS and NS, could be used as a sustainable, viable construction material.