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<p>This study investigates how service temperature affects epoxy resin composites. These composites are reinforced with a silane-treated Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) core, pineapple fibre, and biochar filler. After being exposed to a service temperature of 50℃ for three months, the composites showed a moderate decline in their mechanical, fatigue, and drilling properties. The silane treatment significantly improved the bond between the fibre and the matrix, as well as thermal stability and resistance to moisture, which helped maintain the material’s structural integrity. The tensile and flexural strengths decreased by about 25%, while the hardness showed the most significant reduction, dropping by 66.67%. The impact strength saw a decrease of 8.24%. Even though silane treatment effectively delayed the start and growth of cracks, the fatigue life was still reduced by about 34%. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) shows that the composite material, after being thermally treated for 14 days, has the best performance. This is shown by the highest storage modulus and the lowest damping factor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the matrix degraded and fibres pulled out. However, better adhesion reduced thermal damage. Analysis of the drilling showed that the kerf diameter increased moderately, specifically 4.21&#xa0;mm with a 4&#xa0;mm drill and 8.23&#xa0;mm with an 8&#xa0;mm drill, while still controlling delamination. The results of this study highlight the effectiveness of silane treatment in maintaining the performance of composites when exposed to high temperatures for a long time.</p>

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Silane surface-treatment as failure prevention step on pineapple fiber, PET core and nutmeg husk biochar epoxy composite at service temperature condition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • E. S. Elumalai,
  • R. Asokan

摘要

This study investigates how service temperature affects epoxy resin composites. These composites are reinforced with a silane-treated Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) core, pineapple fibre, and biochar filler. After being exposed to a service temperature of 50℃ for three months, the composites showed a moderate decline in their mechanical, fatigue, and drilling properties. The silane treatment significantly improved the bond between the fibre and the matrix, as well as thermal stability and resistance to moisture, which helped maintain the material’s structural integrity. The tensile and flexural strengths decreased by about 25%, while the hardness showed the most significant reduction, dropping by 66.67%. The impact strength saw a decrease of 8.24%. Even though silane treatment effectively delayed the start and growth of cracks, the fatigue life was still reduced by about 34%. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) shows that the composite material, after being thermally treated for 14 days, has the best performance. This is shown by the highest storage modulus and the lowest damping factor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the matrix degraded and fibres pulled out. However, better adhesion reduced thermal damage. Analysis of the drilling showed that the kerf diameter increased moderately, specifically 4.21 mm with a 4 mm drill and 8.23 mm with an 8 mm drill, while still controlling delamination. The results of this study highlight the effectiveness of silane treatment in maintaining the performance of composites when exposed to high temperatures for a long time.