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<p>This study investigates the combined influence of SiO₂ nanoparticle addition and hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) dual-fuel operation on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO BD20). WCO biodiesel was produced using a two-stage transesterification process and blended at 20% with diesel, while SiO₂ nanoparticles were dispersed at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm through ultrasonication, and HCNG was supplied at flow rates of 5–15 lpm. Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine at injection pressures ranging from 200 to 250&#xa0;bar, with combustion, performance, and emission parameters systematically evaluated. The results show that the combined use of SiO₂ nanoparticles and HCNG significantly enhances combustion characteristics, leading to reduced ignition delay, increased heat release rate, and improved air–fuel mixing. The optimal blend, WCO BD20 + SiO₂ (100 ppm) + 15 lpm HCNG, achieved a maximum brake thermal efficiency of approximately 32.5% at 250&#xa0;bar, along with notable reductions in CO, HC, and smoke emissions compared to neat diesel and B20. However, NOₓ emissions increased by approximately 18–24% due to elevated in-cylinder temperatures and advanced combustion phasing under HCNG-enriched conditions. Overall, the study demonstrates that nano-enhanced WCO biodiesel combined with HCNG dual-fuel operation, supported by statistical modeling and multi-objective optimization, offers a promising pathway for improving diesel engine efficiency with controlled emissions.</p>

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Multi-objective optimization of engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics fuelled with SiO₂ nanoparticles doped waste cooking oil biodiesel and hydrogen enriched CNG using grey relational analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Pala Srinivasa Reddy,
  • Mangu Venkata Krishna Mohan,
  • P Tarun Naga Venkatesh

摘要

This study investigates the combined influence of SiO₂ nanoparticle addition and hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) dual-fuel operation on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO BD20). WCO biodiesel was produced using a two-stage transesterification process and blended at 20% with diesel, while SiO₂ nanoparticles were dispersed at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm through ultrasonication, and HCNG was supplied at flow rates of 5–15 lpm. Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine at injection pressures ranging from 200 to 250 bar, with combustion, performance, and emission parameters systematically evaluated. The results show that the combined use of SiO₂ nanoparticles and HCNG significantly enhances combustion characteristics, leading to reduced ignition delay, increased heat release rate, and improved air–fuel mixing. The optimal blend, WCO BD20 + SiO₂ (100 ppm) + 15 lpm HCNG, achieved a maximum brake thermal efficiency of approximately 32.5% at 250 bar, along with notable reductions in CO, HC, and smoke emissions compared to neat diesel and B20. However, NOₓ emissions increased by approximately 18–24% due to elevated in-cylinder temperatures and advanced combustion phasing under HCNG-enriched conditions. Overall, the study demonstrates that nano-enhanced WCO biodiesel combined with HCNG dual-fuel operation, supported by statistical modeling and multi-objective optimization, offers a promising pathway for improving diesel engine efficiency with controlled emissions.