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<p>Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells embedded within a self-produced extracellular matrix, posing significant public health risks and challenges across diverse settings, including healthcare and industry. This matrix is crucial for maintaining biofilm integrity and provides bacteria with protection against environmental stresses, antimicrobial agents, and host immune responses, highlighting the urgent need for the development of innovative anti-biofilm strategies. In this study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of chemically synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs against bacterial species responsible for human infections were evaluated using microdilution and crystal violet assays. Additionally, the expression of the heat shock proteins GroEL and GroES was examined using western blot. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs revealed quasi-spherical particles with good dispersity and an average size of 11&#xa0;nm. TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against human pathogens with MICs values ranging from 39&#xa0;µg/mL to 156&#xa0;µg/mL. These nanoparticles also exhibited excellent biofilm inhibition activity with inhibition rates ranging from 34.45% to 91.62%. Heat shock proteins analysis demonstrated, for the first time, that GroEL is a TiO<sub>2</sub> NP-inducible protein, with expression levels increasing to 57.4%. However, GroES, that was altered, react in different ways facing TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. This study highlights a promising strategy for the development of novel antimicrobial agents or alternatives for clinical application, particularly in managing isolates capable of producing biofilm.</p>

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Heat shock proteins alteration and biofilm inhibition activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles against human pathogenic bacteria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Fethi Ben Abdallah,
  • Rihab Lagha,
  • Amine Mezni,
  • Wejdene Mansour

摘要

Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells embedded within a self-produced extracellular matrix, posing significant public health risks and challenges across diverse settings, including healthcare and industry. This matrix is crucial for maintaining biofilm integrity and provides bacteria with protection against environmental stresses, antimicrobial agents, and host immune responses, highlighting the urgent need for the development of innovative anti-biofilm strategies. In this study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of chemically synthesized TiO2 NPs against bacterial species responsible for human infections were evaluated using microdilution and crystal violet assays. Additionally, the expression of the heat shock proteins GroEL and GroES was examined using western blot. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of TiO2 NPs revealed quasi-spherical particles with good dispersity and an average size of 11 nm. TiO2 NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against human pathogens with MICs values ranging from 39 µg/mL to 156 µg/mL. These nanoparticles also exhibited excellent biofilm inhibition activity with inhibition rates ranging from 34.45% to 91.62%. Heat shock proteins analysis demonstrated, for the first time, that GroEL is a TiO2 NP-inducible protein, with expression levels increasing to 57.4%. However, GroES, that was altered, react in different ways facing TiO2 NPs. This study highlights a promising strategy for the development of novel antimicrobial agents or alternatives for clinical application, particularly in managing isolates capable of producing biofilm.