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<p>In sub-Saharan Africa, and more specifically in Burkina Faso, geopolymer binders are often synthesized from calcined clays. This method is preferred because industrial by-products, such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, and red mud, are scarcely available, unlike those in more industrialized countries. However, the clay calcination process is energy-intensive. To address this issue, the use of noncalcined precursor additives has been widely explored. Glass powder is a promising alternative. The amorphous silica content can promote geopolymerization by supplementing the silica content of the calcined clay. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico-mechanical behavior and durability of a geopolymer binder in which calcined clay (metakaolin, M) was replaced with glass powder (P) at various mass ratios (from 0% to 25%) and activated with a 12&#xa0;mol/L NaOH solution. The formulated binders were cured for 14 d, with the first 7 d at ambient temperature (30 ± 5&#xa0;°C) and the remaining 7 d of thermal curing at 60 ± 5&#xa0;°C in an oven. The characterization results showed a significant improvement in the engineering properties and durability of the geopolymer binders, depending on the substitution ratio of calcined clay with glass powder. The relative improvements in various properties at the optimal glass powder content (20%, specifically 80M20P) compared to the matrix without glass powder (0%, specifically 100M0P) included a 6% increase in bulk density, 8.9% decrease in water-accessible porosity, 533% and 166% increase in flexural and compressive strength, respectively, and 38% decrease in mass loss after 28 days of acid attack. This suggests that substituting calcined clay and adding up to 20% can achieve even better engineering and durability behaviors in geopolymer binders, thereby adding value to glass waste.</p>

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Effect of glass powder on the physico-mechanical and microstructural properties and durability of calcined clay-based geopolymer binder

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Seick Omar Sore,
  • Annicette Kouspare Kadere,
  • Philbert Nshimiyimana,
  • Yawo Daniel Adufu,
  • Adamah Messan

摘要

In sub-Saharan Africa, and more specifically in Burkina Faso, geopolymer binders are often synthesized from calcined clays. This method is preferred because industrial by-products, such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, and red mud, are scarcely available, unlike those in more industrialized countries. However, the clay calcination process is energy-intensive. To address this issue, the use of noncalcined precursor additives has been widely explored. Glass powder is a promising alternative. The amorphous silica content can promote geopolymerization by supplementing the silica content of the calcined clay. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico-mechanical behavior and durability of a geopolymer binder in which calcined clay (metakaolin, M) was replaced with glass powder (P) at various mass ratios (from 0% to 25%) and activated with a 12 mol/L NaOH solution. The formulated binders were cured for 14 d, with the first 7 d at ambient temperature (30 ± 5 °C) and the remaining 7 d of thermal curing at 60 ± 5 °C in an oven. The characterization results showed a significant improvement in the engineering properties and durability of the geopolymer binders, depending on the substitution ratio of calcined clay with glass powder. The relative improvements in various properties at the optimal glass powder content (20%, specifically 80M20P) compared to the matrix without glass powder (0%, specifically 100M0P) included a 6% increase in bulk density, 8.9% decrease in water-accessible porosity, 533% and 166% increase in flexural and compressive strength, respectively, and 38% decrease in mass loss after 28 days of acid attack. This suggests that substituting calcined clay and adding up to 20% can achieve even better engineering and durability behaviors in geopolymer binders, thereby adding value to glass waste.