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<p>Solid polymer electrolytes are gaining momentum over liquid electrolytes due to their inherent limitations. In light of this, the present study explores the sustainable utilization of coffee husk waste for developing biopolymer electrolytes, aiming to promote the value-added use of agricultural waste. By adopting a green methodology, the coffee husk extract (CHE) was effectively blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as biopolymer and LiClO<sub>4</sub> as ionic salt using eco-friendly solvents such as water and ethanol via the solution casting technique. GC-MS and FTIR (in the carbonyl region) confirmed the presence of polar functional groups and the ionic interaction between the polymer matrix and Li⁺ ions. XRD deconvolution of the highest performing biopolymer blend indicated a semi-crystalline nature with 47.73% crystallinity, while the DSC analysis revealed a low glass transition temperature (Tg) of 32.6&#xa0;°C, suggesting enhanced polymer chain mobility. The optimized composition, PL3 ([0.95&#xa0;g CHE + 1&#xa0;g PVA + 0.3 wt% LiClO₄]), exhibited an excellent ionic conductivity of 7.34 × 10⁻³ S m⁻¹ (AC) and 5.62 × 10⁻<sup>1</sup> S m⁻¹ (DC) where ions are the major charge carriers for transport in this system. Electrochemical stability was demonstrated with a breakdown voltage of 3.15&#xa0;V from LSV, while CV profiles showed stable reversibility over 50 cycles at 100 mV s⁻¹. Furthermore, the PL3 blend delivered a specific capacity of 18.6 Cg⁻¹ at 10 mV s⁻¹, highlighting its promise for eco-friendly energy storage applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Boosting the performance of PVA/LiClO4 based biopolymer electrolyte using Coffea Arabica waste in Li-ion conducting battery system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Johnsi M,
  • Dhivya S,
  • Deephika B,
  • Balasubramanian N,
  • Nor Hakimin bin Abdullah,
  • Nurul Akmar Binti Che Zaudin

摘要

Solid polymer electrolytes are gaining momentum over liquid electrolytes due to their inherent limitations. In light of this, the present study explores the sustainable utilization of coffee husk waste for developing biopolymer electrolytes, aiming to promote the value-added use of agricultural waste. By adopting a green methodology, the coffee husk extract (CHE) was effectively blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as biopolymer and LiClO4 as ionic salt using eco-friendly solvents such as water and ethanol via the solution casting technique. GC-MS and FTIR (in the carbonyl region) confirmed the presence of polar functional groups and the ionic interaction between the polymer matrix and Li⁺ ions. XRD deconvolution of the highest performing biopolymer blend indicated a semi-crystalline nature with 47.73% crystallinity, while the DSC analysis revealed a low glass transition temperature (Tg) of 32.6 °C, suggesting enhanced polymer chain mobility. The optimized composition, PL3 ([0.95 g CHE + 1 g PVA + 0.3 wt% LiClO₄]), exhibited an excellent ionic conductivity of 7.34 × 10⁻³ S m⁻¹ (AC) and 5.62 × 10⁻1 S m⁻¹ (DC) where ions are the major charge carriers for transport in this system. Electrochemical stability was demonstrated with a breakdown voltage of 3.15 V from LSV, while CV profiles showed stable reversibility over 50 cycles at 100 mV s⁻¹. Furthermore, the PL3 blend delivered a specific capacity of 18.6 Cg⁻¹ at 10 mV s⁻¹, highlighting its promise for eco-friendly energy storage applications.

Graphical Abstract