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<p>Designing high-performance solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) remains a key challenge, primarily due to their inherently low ionic conductivity, which hampers the advancement of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLiBs). In this work, we address this limitation by developing a green, crosslinked polymer blend comprising carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) – extracted and functionalized from palm frond fibers – and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Citric acid (CA) was utilized as a crosslinking agent, while lithium perchlorate (LiClO<sub>4</sub>) was incorporated as a dopant to enhance ionic conductivity. The SPE membranes were fabricated via solution casting, with the optimized formulation – designated CP-15X-Li25 – containing 15 wt.-% CA and 25 wt.-% LiClO<sub>4</sub>. The CP-15X-Li25 exhibited a smooth cross-sectional morphology with localized, well-defined crystal-like features. It demonstrated excellent thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures occurring between 267.42&#xa0;°C and 363.07&#xa0;°C, and exceptional mechanical flexibility, with elongation at break (EB) of 699.21%. These enhancements were accompanied by a reduction in crystallinity index (Cr. I = 28.54%) and a decrease in tensile strength (TS = 0.69&#xa0;MPa), reflecting a trade-off between elasticity and stiffness. Electrochemically, CP-15X-Li25 delivered a bulk ionic conductivity of 1.25 × 10<sup>−4</sup> S.cm<sup>−1</sup>, a lithium-transference number (<i>t</i><sub><i>Li+</i></sub>) of 0.88, and an electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 2.11&#xa0;V. These results underscore the potential of CP-15X-Li25 as a safer, more flexible, and sustainable alternative to conventional liquid electrolytes for next-generation ASSLiBs.</p>

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Development of conductive and flexible citric acid-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose/PVA electrolyte membranes via lithium perchlorate doping

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Fitriani,
  • Risda Adriana,
  • Atika Trisna Hayati,
  • Ane Nurjanah,
  • Evi Yulianti,
  • Ellya Sinurat,
  • Qolby Sabrina,
  • Aseel Abdulameer Kareem,
  • Dicky Annas,
  • Mohammad Jihad Madiabu,
  • Muhammad Al Muttaqii,
  • Robertus Wahyu N. Nugroho,
  • Djabal Nur Basir,
  • Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo Ndruru

摘要

Designing high-performance solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) remains a key challenge, primarily due to their inherently low ionic conductivity, which hampers the advancement of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLiBs). In this work, we address this limitation by developing a green, crosslinked polymer blend comprising carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) – extracted and functionalized from palm frond fibers – and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Citric acid (CA) was utilized as a crosslinking agent, while lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) was incorporated as a dopant to enhance ionic conductivity. The SPE membranes were fabricated via solution casting, with the optimized formulation – designated CP-15X-Li25 – containing 15 wt.-% CA and 25 wt.-% LiClO4. The CP-15X-Li25 exhibited a smooth cross-sectional morphology with localized, well-defined crystal-like features. It demonstrated excellent thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures occurring between 267.42 °C and 363.07 °C, and exceptional mechanical flexibility, with elongation at break (EB) of 699.21%. These enhancements were accompanied by a reduction in crystallinity index (Cr. I = 28.54%) and a decrease in tensile strength (TS = 0.69 MPa), reflecting a trade-off between elasticity and stiffness. Electrochemically, CP-15X-Li25 delivered a bulk ionic conductivity of 1.25 × 10−4 S.cm−1, a lithium-transference number (tLi+) of 0.88, and an electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 2.11 V. These results underscore the potential of CP-15X-Li25 as a safer, more flexible, and sustainable alternative to conventional liquid electrolytes for next-generation ASSLiBs.