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<p>A novel solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBPE) hybrid was developed by directly linking oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OPVA) with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) via ester formation. The CMC used in this study had a degree of substitution (DS) of 1.12, while OPVA exhibited partial oxidation with a carbonyl content of 60%. A DFT/B3LYP/6–31G computational study confirmed the favorable reaction mechanism, and the structure of OPVA/CMC was characterized using FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, XRD, and SEM. FTIR confirmed OPVA grafting onto CMC through the appearance of ester carbonyl (C = O) stretching bands, while <sup>1</sup>H-NMR revealed new peaks indicative of ester linkages. The XRD analysis revealed increased crystallinity in the hybrid, and SEM images confirmed improved structural flexibility in the OPVA/CMC membrane. The OPVA/CMC hybrid exhibited significantly higher proton conductivity (33.85 mS/cm at 100&#xa0;°C, 100% RH) than pristine CMC (0.24 mS/cm), attributed to improved water retention and hydrophilic ionic channel formation via ester linkages. Proton transport was analyzed via an Arrhenius plot, revealing a lower activation energy for proton conduction in the hybrid (0.98&#xa0;kJ/mol) than in the CMC (1.08&#xa0;kJ/mol), indicating improved ionic mobility. The hybrid membranes demonstrated superior mechanical properties, including enhanced tensile strength (15.58 N) and flexibility, making them suitable for flexible electronics and energy storage applications. This study presents an innovative and cost-effective method to fabricate CMC derivatives with superior electrical, mechanical, and structural properties, showing significant potential for electrochemical applications.</p>

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High-performance OPVA/CMC hybrid biopolymer electrolyte with enhanced proton conductivity for SBPE applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Zoubaida Landolsi,
  • Khaled Charradi,
  • Walid Mabrouk,
  • Ahmed M. Ramadan,
  • Qana A. Alsulami,
  • Daniela Nunes,
  • Sherif M. A. S. Keshk

摘要

A novel solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBPE) hybrid was developed by directly linking oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OPVA) with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) via ester formation. The CMC used in this study had a degree of substitution (DS) of 1.12, while OPVA exhibited partial oxidation with a carbonyl content of 60%. A DFT/B3LYP/6–31G computational study confirmed the favorable reaction mechanism, and the structure of OPVA/CMC was characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, XRD, and SEM. FTIR confirmed OPVA grafting onto CMC through the appearance of ester carbonyl (C = O) stretching bands, while 1H-NMR revealed new peaks indicative of ester linkages. The XRD analysis revealed increased crystallinity in the hybrid, and SEM images confirmed improved structural flexibility in the OPVA/CMC membrane. The OPVA/CMC hybrid exhibited significantly higher proton conductivity (33.85 mS/cm at 100 °C, 100% RH) than pristine CMC (0.24 mS/cm), attributed to improved water retention and hydrophilic ionic channel formation via ester linkages. Proton transport was analyzed via an Arrhenius plot, revealing a lower activation energy for proton conduction in the hybrid (0.98 kJ/mol) than in the CMC (1.08 kJ/mol), indicating improved ionic mobility. The hybrid membranes demonstrated superior mechanical properties, including enhanced tensile strength (15.58 N) and flexibility, making them suitable for flexible electronics and energy storage applications. This study presents an innovative and cost-effective method to fabricate CMC derivatives with superior electrical, mechanical, and structural properties, showing significant potential for electrochemical applications.