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<p>This work investigates and compares the properties and performance of silane-treated and untreated PET core and pineapple fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with varying biochar concentrations. Among all evaluated specimens, the silane-treated composite E24, reinforced with 2 vol.% biochar, exhibited superior mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, creep performance, machinability, and impact resistance. Specifically, E24 demonstrated improvements of 7.6% in tensile strength (168&#xa0;MPa), 3.5% in flexural strength (266&#xa0;MPa), 2.7% in impact strength (8.15&#xa0;J), 28% in drop load impact resistance (32&#xa0;J with 3.4&#xa0;mm deflection), and 4.2% in Shore-D hardness (99) compared to untreated composites. The silane treatment enhanced interfacial bonding by removing impurities, increasing fiber wettability, and introducing functional groups that promote adhesion, leading to improved stress transfer and structural integrity. Additionally, E24 achieved high fatigue life counts of 30,918 at 25% UTS, 29,102 at 50% UTS, and 26,379 at 75% UTS, alongside reduced creep strains of 0.0038 at 5000&#xa0;s, 0.0087 at 10000&#xa0;s, and 0.0188 at 15000&#xa0;s. The enhanced bonding reduced stress concentrations, distributed loads more effectively, and minimized microcrack initiation under cyclic and sustained stress. In terms of machinability and water resistance, the silane-treated composite E21, with a 30 vol.% PET core and pineapple fiber reinforcement, exhibited the lowest kerf width (4.09&#xa0;mm and 8.10&#xa0;mm for 4&#xa0;mm and 8&#xa0;mm drill bits, respectively) and the lowest water absorption (0.7%). SEM analysis revealed significant delamination and fiber pull-out in untreated composites, whereas silane-treated specimens exhibited intact fiber-matrix interfaces with no signs of delamination. The findings confirm that silane-treated composites offer superior mechanical performance, durability, and resistance to deformation, making them a promising alternative for structural applications.</p>

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Experimental investigation on composite building material using polymeric core and biomass reinforcements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • E. S. Elumalai,
  • R. Asokan

摘要

This work investigates and compares the properties and performance of silane-treated and untreated PET core and pineapple fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with varying biochar concentrations. Among all evaluated specimens, the silane-treated composite E24, reinforced with 2 vol.% biochar, exhibited superior mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, creep performance, machinability, and impact resistance. Specifically, E24 demonstrated improvements of 7.6% in tensile strength (168 MPa), 3.5% in flexural strength (266 MPa), 2.7% in impact strength (8.15 J), 28% in drop load impact resistance (32 J with 3.4 mm deflection), and 4.2% in Shore-D hardness (99) compared to untreated composites. The silane treatment enhanced interfacial bonding by removing impurities, increasing fiber wettability, and introducing functional groups that promote adhesion, leading to improved stress transfer and structural integrity. Additionally, E24 achieved high fatigue life counts of 30,918 at 25% UTS, 29,102 at 50% UTS, and 26,379 at 75% UTS, alongside reduced creep strains of 0.0038 at 5000 s, 0.0087 at 10000 s, and 0.0188 at 15000 s. The enhanced bonding reduced stress concentrations, distributed loads more effectively, and minimized microcrack initiation under cyclic and sustained stress. In terms of machinability and water resistance, the silane-treated composite E21, with a 30 vol.% PET core and pineapple fiber reinforcement, exhibited the lowest kerf width (4.09 mm and 8.10 mm for 4 mm and 8 mm drill bits, respectively) and the lowest water absorption (0.7%). SEM analysis revealed significant delamination and fiber pull-out in untreated composites, whereas silane-treated specimens exhibited intact fiber-matrix interfaces with no signs of delamination. The findings confirm that silane-treated composites offer superior mechanical performance, durability, and resistance to deformation, making them a promising alternative for structural applications.