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<p>Bone tissue regeneration presents a promising avenue for reconstructing damaged/deficient bones resulting from accidental trauma, aging, metabolism, and congenital anomalies. Despite their mechanical stability and inert characteristics, advanced scaffolds often lack bioactivity and biodegradability. This research delves into the hydrothermal synthesis of CaSiO<sub>3</sub> biocomposite, which incorporates silicon dioxide and calcium oxide derived from silica sand and limestone precursors. The ZrO<sub>2</sub>-doped CaSiO<sub>3</sub> biocomposites were synthesized based on the composition of (75%-x)SiO<sub>2</sub>-25%CaO-xZrO<sub>2</sub>, where x = 0, 3, 5, and 10 wt%, coded as CZ0, CZ3, CZ5, and CZ10. This investigation explores the effect of zirconia doping on the physico-mechanical properties, while in-vitro studies assess their bioactivity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. The zirconia doping exerted a discernible impact on the physical characteristics, resulting in the formation of a crystalline wollastonite phase characterized by agglomerated and irregular spherical-shaped particles. The elevated zirconia concentration demonstrated an influential effect on particle size reduction from 105.5&#xa0;nm to 98.6&#xa0;nm and surface area enhancement from 42.6 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 87.9 m<sup>2</sup>/g with mesopores, as ascertained through BET analysis. The compressive strength exhibited an increase with higher zirconia content, with the biocomposite CZ10 demonstrating a compressive strength of 102.4&#xa0;MPa and a modulus of 214.3&#xa0;MPa. In the realm of biological evaluations, CZ5 showcased high bioactivity with a Ca/P ratio of 1.68 after 14 days of SBF treatment and superior cell viability at 95%, indicating enhanced biocompatibility. Notably, an augmented zirconia concentration mitigated cytotoxic effects and enhanced antibacterial efficacy, proving more effective against <i>E. coli</i> than <i>S. aureus</i>.</p>

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Tailoring mechano-physical behavior of zirconia-doped calcium silicate biocomposites—their in-vitro biological functionalities of bone mineralization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Sakthi Muthulakshmi S,
  • Shailajha S,
  • Shanmugapriya B

摘要

Bone tissue regeneration presents a promising avenue for reconstructing damaged/deficient bones resulting from accidental trauma, aging, metabolism, and congenital anomalies. Despite their mechanical stability and inert characteristics, advanced scaffolds often lack bioactivity and biodegradability. This research delves into the hydrothermal synthesis of CaSiO3 biocomposite, which incorporates silicon dioxide and calcium oxide derived from silica sand and limestone precursors. The ZrO2-doped CaSiO3 biocomposites were synthesized based on the composition of (75%-x)SiO2-25%CaO-xZrO2, where x = 0, 3, 5, and 10 wt%, coded as CZ0, CZ3, CZ5, and CZ10. This investigation explores the effect of zirconia doping on the physico-mechanical properties, while in-vitro studies assess their bioactivity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. The zirconia doping exerted a discernible impact on the physical characteristics, resulting in the formation of a crystalline wollastonite phase characterized by agglomerated and irregular spherical-shaped particles. The elevated zirconia concentration demonstrated an influential effect on particle size reduction from 105.5 nm to 98.6 nm and surface area enhancement from 42.6 m2/g to 87.9 m2/g with mesopores, as ascertained through BET analysis. The compressive strength exhibited an increase with higher zirconia content, with the biocomposite CZ10 demonstrating a compressive strength of 102.4 MPa and a modulus of 214.3 MPa. In the realm of biological evaluations, CZ5 showcased high bioactivity with a Ca/P ratio of 1.68 after 14 days of SBF treatment and superior cell viability at 95%, indicating enhanced biocompatibility. Notably, an augmented zirconia concentration mitigated cytotoxic effects and enhanced antibacterial efficacy, proving more effective against E. coli than S. aureus.