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<p>In this study, we propose a sustainable method for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using discharged dry cell battery electrodes as a graphite source. This process involves electrochemical peeling, probe sonication, and plant-assisted hydrothermal reduction. Graphite was exfoliated from recycled battery electrodes in a sodium sulfate electrolyte through an electrochemical process, which was enhanced by probe sonication to facilitate the decomposition of graphite layers into graphene oxide (GO). The GO was then converted into rGO via hydrothermal treatment with Asparagus Officinalis (AO) extract, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical reducing agents. The successful conversion from graphite to rGO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses. This biosynthetic approach shows great promise for producing rGO in a scalable and cost-effective manner while adhering to sustainable material synthesis principles. The resulting rGO is suitable for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and environmental modification due to its increased conductivity and high surface area. The product yield in this study was 93%, which is competitive compared to other chemical methods. This work highlights the potential of integrating green chemistry and nanotechnology to produce sustainable nanomaterials.</p>

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Sustainable electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rods from discharged dry cell battery to reduced graphene oxide assisted by plant-mediated hydrothermal process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

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  • Hassan Mahmoodi Esfanddarani,
  • Mrutyunjay Panigrahi

摘要

In this study, we propose a sustainable method for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using discharged dry cell battery electrodes as a graphite source. This process involves electrochemical peeling, probe sonication, and plant-assisted hydrothermal reduction. Graphite was exfoliated from recycled battery electrodes in a sodium sulfate electrolyte through an electrochemical process, which was enhanced by probe sonication to facilitate the decomposition of graphite layers into graphene oxide (GO). The GO was then converted into rGO via hydrothermal treatment with Asparagus Officinalis (AO) extract, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical reducing agents. The successful conversion from graphite to rGO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses. This biosynthetic approach shows great promise for producing rGO in a scalable and cost-effective manner while adhering to sustainable material synthesis principles. The resulting rGO is suitable for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and environmental modification due to its increased conductivity and high surface area. The product yield in this study was 93%, which is competitive compared to other chemical methods. This work highlights the potential of integrating green chemistry and nanotechnology to produce sustainable nanomaterials.