RETRACTED ARTICLE: Structural and dielectric characterization of BiLaCoGaO₆ double perovskite ceramic using x-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy

BiLaCoGaO₆ double perovskite ceramic system was prepared using a solid-state reaction method. Preliminary structural investigations were carried out by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the existence of a monoclinic system at room temperature. The system holds considerable promise for microwave applications due to its increased dielectric constant as the applied frequency increases, confirming the validity of the dielectric HN model. The variation of the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) curve of the electrical modulus indicates the presence of a non-Debye relaxation mechanism in the prepared sample. All the temperature data and the frequency dependence of the impedance were used to characterize the electrical conductivity of the sample, revealing a negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR). The Cole–Cole diagram shows that grains exhibit conductive behavior at lower frequencies. As the frequency approaches the characteristic frequency (f = 1/τ), a relaxation process occurs, resulting in a decrease in the dielectric constant. At very high frequencies (f > 1/τ), dipoles are unable to respond rapidly to the changing electric field, causing ε’ to approach a value close to ε’_∞. BiLaCoGaO₆ is a double perovskite ceramic whose unique structural and functional characteristics stimulated scientific interest. The crystal structure of this material is complicated, with layers of BiO₆ and LaO₁₂ polyhedral between corner-sharing octahedra of CoO₆ and GaO₆. Understanding the crystal structure of BiLaCoGaO6 and its physical characteristics is one of the main goals of this paper. Based on the electrical properties, the mixed ion-electronic conductivity of BiLaCoGaO₆ makes it suitable for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Its strong temperature-dependent oxygen ion conductivity is very useful for efficient oxygen transfer in SOFC cathodes. To better understand the complex structure–property correlations of BiLaCoGaO₆, this research aims to investigate the materials for their various electrical capabilities.