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<p>Exploiting effective approaches to achieve superior ductility has consistently been a topic of widespread interest in refractory multi-principal-element alloys (RMPEAs). Herein, we developed a one-step forming method, electron-beam directional-solidification (EB-DS), to fabricate an equiatomic Hf–Nb–Ta–Zr RMPEA, and compared its microstructures as well as mechanical properties with those of the as-cast alloy fabricated by levitation induction melting. EB-DS method can transform the equiaxed grain microstructures in the as-cast alloy to columnar grain microstructures as well as eliminate the slight segregation. The room-temperature tensile test demonstrates that the ductility is substantially improved from 3.9% for the as-cast alloy to 23% for EB-DS alloy, accompanied by the slight enhancement in&#xa0;yield strength from 946 to 991&#xa0;MPa. The microstructural investigations indicate that EB-DS alloys with columnar grains present a significantly optimized coordinated plastic deformation between the grain boundary region and the grain interior region, leading to the suppression of cracking along grain boundaries.</p>

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Achieving excellent ductility in a Hf–Nb–Ta–Zr refractory multi-principal-element alloy via electron-beam directional-solidification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Xiao-Xiao Wang,
  • Tian-Lu Qin,
  • Yun-Quan Li,
  • Yi-Chen Xu,
  • Meng-Han Zhang,
  • Ke-Yu Yan,
  • Hao-Xuan Li,
  • Guo-Dong Li,
  • Xu Yang,
  • Pei-Lin Wang,
  • Xiao-Juan Bai,
  • Yu-Ye Wu,
  • Cheng-Bao Jiang

摘要

Exploiting effective approaches to achieve superior ductility has consistently been a topic of widespread interest in refractory multi-principal-element alloys (RMPEAs). Herein, we developed a one-step forming method, electron-beam directional-solidification (EB-DS), to fabricate an equiatomic Hf–Nb–Ta–Zr RMPEA, and compared its microstructures as well as mechanical properties with those of the as-cast alloy fabricated by levitation induction melting. EB-DS method can transform the equiaxed grain microstructures in the as-cast alloy to columnar grain microstructures as well as eliminate the slight segregation. The room-temperature tensile test demonstrates that the ductility is substantially improved from 3.9% for the as-cast alloy to 23% for EB-DS alloy, accompanied by the slight enhancement in yield strength from 946 to 991 MPa. The microstructural investigations indicate that EB-DS alloys with columnar grains present a significantly optimized coordinated plastic deformation between the grain boundary region and the grain interior region, leading to the suppression of cracking along grain boundaries.