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<p>The fabrication of 304L stainless welding wires with a diameter 1.6&#xa0;mm by using electrochemical cold drawing (ECD) of bars with a diameter of 5.6&#xa0;mm was investigated, as well as that via traditional cold drawing (TCD) for comparison. The results indicated that the dilute H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> aqueous solution was an appropriate electrolyte for ECD, and increasing the H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration and current density within a range improved the corrosion rate and uniformity, leading to an easier and more coordinated deformation through uniformly distributing geometrically necessary dislocations and curved large-angle grain boundaries, and decreasing their density, and thus, an enhanced electrochemical plasticization (EP). Under the optimized electrochemical parameters (0.5&#xa0;mol&#xa0;L<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte and current density of 12.2&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>–2</sup>), the average cumulative reduction rate required for annealing was up to ~ 34%, obviously higher than ~ 20% of TCD due to the decreased work-hardening from the EP, so that the number of annealing was significantly reduced from 10 of TCD to 5, when the drawing pass was 23. In addition, the surface of the ECD wire was distinctly smoother and brighter than that of the TCD one. These findings confirm the large potential in engineering applications of the ECD technology based on the EP effect.</p>

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Processing 304L stainless steel welding wire via electrochemical cold drawing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Jian-Yun Yan,
  • Xin Guo,
  • Ti-Jun Chen

摘要

The fabrication of 304L stainless welding wires with a diameter 1.6 mm by using electrochemical cold drawing (ECD) of bars with a diameter of 5.6 mm was investigated, as well as that via traditional cold drawing (TCD) for comparison. The results indicated that the dilute H2SO4 aqueous solution was an appropriate electrolyte for ECD, and increasing the H2SO4 concentration and current density within a range improved the corrosion rate and uniformity, leading to an easier and more coordinated deformation through uniformly distributing geometrically necessary dislocations and curved large-angle grain boundaries, and decreasing their density, and thus, an enhanced electrochemical plasticization (EP). Under the optimized electrochemical parameters (0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4 electrolyte and current density of 12.2 mA cm–2), the average cumulative reduction rate required for annealing was up to ~ 34%, obviously higher than ~ 20% of TCD due to the decreased work-hardening from the EP, so that the number of annealing was significantly reduced from 10 of TCD to 5, when the drawing pass was 23. In addition, the surface of the ECD wire was distinctly smoother and brighter than that of the TCD one. These findings confirm the large potential in engineering applications of the ECD technology based on the EP effect.