<p>Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integrated sensing, response, and adaptive mechanisms. A comprehensive overview of intelligent refractory materials was provided, focusing on their classification, preparation techniques, and industrial applications. Firstly, the categories and design principles of intelligent refractory materials are introduced, including self-healing, self-regulating, and self-diagnosing types, which enhance durability and performance under extreme conditions. Subsequently, advanced preparation technologies are discussed, such as 3D printing for complex geometries, nanocomposite engineering for improved mechanical and thermal properties, gradient design for optimized thermal stress resistance and information technology including machine learning, health monitoring, digital twin. Finally, the industrial applications of these materials are highlighted, particularly in steel metallurgy, building materials industry, and energy. It aims to bridge the gap between research advancements and practical implementation, offering insights into future trends in intelligent refractory material development.</p>