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<p>The effects of ZrO<sub>2</sub>-based refractory materials on non-metallic inclusions in nickel-based superalloy K4169 were systematically investigated. Analytical methods, including X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry, and FactSage simulations, revealed that the refractory primarily consisted of ZrO<sub>2</sub>, MgO, MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Zr<sub>1.74</sub>Y<sub>0.26</sub>O<sub>3.87</sub> phases. During melting, MgO reacted with [Al] and [O] in the alloy, forming MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at the interface. This phase adhered to the superalloy, while ZrO<sub>2</sub> phases remained stable. The inclusions in the alloy transformed from Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, with variations in size and distribution influenced by location and pressure. FactSage kinetic simulations aligned with experimental findings, elucidating the interaction mechanisms between the alloy and refractory. These results provide insights into optimizing refractory materials for improved cleanliness and performance in nickel-based superalloy production.</p>

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Effect of ZrO2-based refractory on non-metallic inclusions in nickel-based superalloy K4169

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Li-Kun Long,
  • Lin-Zhu Wang,
  • Xiang Li,
  • Chao-Yi Chen,
  • Jun-Qi Li,
  • Xing Ran

摘要

The effects of ZrO2-based refractory materials on non-metallic inclusions in nickel-based superalloy K4169 were systematically investigated. Analytical methods, including X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry, and FactSage simulations, revealed that the refractory primarily consisted of ZrO2, MgO, MgO·Al2O3, and Zr1.74Y0.26O3.87 phases. During melting, MgO reacted with [Al] and [O] in the alloy, forming MgO·Al2O3 at the interface. This phase adhered to the superalloy, while ZrO2 phases remained stable. The inclusions in the alloy transformed from Al2O3 to MgO·Al2O3, with variations in size and distribution influenced by location and pressure. FactSage kinetic simulations aligned with experimental findings, elucidating the interaction mechanisms between the alloy and refractory. These results provide insights into optimizing refractory materials for improved cleanliness and performance in nickel-based superalloy production.