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<p>Steel slag (SS) accumulates unavoidably due to its complex and unstable composition, high production volumes, and limited value-added resource utilization. Single or multiple interface modifiers were proposed to enhance the properties of SS through high-speed dispersion, transforming its inherent hydrophilic and oleophobic characteristics into hydrophily and lipophilicity. The modification effects were innovatively assessed by observing the color changes of modified steel slag solutions following the dissolution-settlement equilibrium constant. This approach avoided human-induced errors and improved estimated accuracy in conformance with conventional methods such as oil absorption value, activation index, sedimentation volume, and lipophilicity. The hydrolysis of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH) generated –Si(OH)<sub>3</sub> structure to form hydrogen or covalent bonds with active substances (OH groups) from SS. Concurrently, SS underwent encapsulation via Si–O–Si structure resulting from the dehydration of –Si(OH)<sub>3</sub>. The stearic acid coupling agent (SA), aluminate coupling agent (AC), and titanate coupling agent (TN) underwent chemical reactions with Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>, and CaCO<sub>3</sub> in SS. The acidic SA primarily created stable chemical bonds and acted as a supplement due to its package, reducing surface activity and hydrophilicity while enhancing lipophilicity. Specifically, the optimal modification effect was obtained at 3&#xa0;wt.% SA. Consequently, 3 wt.% SA was established as the benchmark for multiple modifiers and the most effective combination was 3&#xa0;wt.% SA and 3&#xa0;wt.% AC. Compared with a single interface modifier, SA corroded the SS surface to provide numerous active sites for further modification by KH, AC, or TN, resulting in a more densely packed structure. In addition, more organic groups on SS prevent the proximity of other particles from agglomerating to achieve dispersion and a synergistic modification, laying a theoretical foundation of SS in a new pathway for organic composite materials.</p>

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Modification effect and mechanism of steel slag using multiple interface modifiers based on stearic acid coupling agent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月4日

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  • Ling Zhao,
  • Yu-rong Xia,
  • Hai-lin Fei,
  • Hong-ming Long,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Yan Bai,
  • Yi-fan Wang,
  • Xiao-jian Ren

摘要

Steel slag (SS) accumulates unavoidably due to its complex and unstable composition, high production volumes, and limited value-added resource utilization. Single or multiple interface modifiers were proposed to enhance the properties of SS through high-speed dispersion, transforming its inherent hydrophilic and oleophobic characteristics into hydrophily and lipophilicity. The modification effects were innovatively assessed by observing the color changes of modified steel slag solutions following the dissolution-settlement equilibrium constant. This approach avoided human-induced errors and improved estimated accuracy in conformance with conventional methods such as oil absorption value, activation index, sedimentation volume, and lipophilicity. The hydrolysis of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH) generated –Si(OH)3 structure to form hydrogen or covalent bonds with active substances (OH groups) from SS. Concurrently, SS underwent encapsulation via Si–O–Si structure resulting from the dehydration of –Si(OH)3. The stearic acid coupling agent (SA), aluminate coupling agent (AC), and titanate coupling agent (TN) underwent chemical reactions with Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, and CaCO3 in SS. The acidic SA primarily created stable chemical bonds and acted as a supplement due to its package, reducing surface activity and hydrophilicity while enhancing lipophilicity. Specifically, the optimal modification effect was obtained at 3 wt.% SA. Consequently, 3 wt.% SA was established as the benchmark for multiple modifiers and the most effective combination was 3 wt.% SA and 3 wt.% AC. Compared with a single interface modifier, SA corroded the SS surface to provide numerous active sites for further modification by KH, AC, or TN, resulting in a more densely packed structure. In addition, more organic groups on SS prevent the proximity of other particles from agglomerating to achieve dispersion and a synergistic modification, laying a theoretical foundation of SS in a new pathway for organic composite materials.