Interfacial behaviors between ZG13Cr9Mo1VNbN stainless steel and chromite sand

To elucidate the formation mechanisms of burn-on sand and metal penetration during sand casting, some laboratory experiments were carried out at different temperatures (1813, 1833, 1853, and 1873 K) and holding time (20, 40, 60, and 90 min) to simulate the interaction between ZG13Cr9Mo1VNbN stainless steel and chromite sand. The results demonstrate that the defects primarily consist of a mixture of the liquid phase, chromite, and metal. The main components of the liquid phase are SiO₂, MnO, MgO, Cr₂O₃, FeO, and Al₂O₃, and the formation of Cr₂O₃ through interfacial redox reactions has been discovered. The presence of a liquid phase plays a pivotal role in influencing burn-on sand and metal penetration. Interface reactions are prioritized, with burn-on sand maintaining a predominant influence. As the liquid phase quantity within the sand escalates, there is a corresponding incremental rise in the incidence of metal penetration. Even a minimal presence of the silicon element in steel can impact the liquid phase’s formation. Moreover, the decomposition or dissolution of chromite sand is a significant factor in the development of burn-on sand and metal penetration. Thus, a thorough investigation into the conditions and contributing factors of this phenomenon is essential for its effective management and mitigation.