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<p>Storm surges are natural disasters affecting the social and economic development in coastal areas of the Bohai Sea. This study used the Delft model to construct a storm surge model for the Yellow and Bohai Seas. A storm surge occurring on October 18–22, 2024, caused by non-typical weather systems was comprehensively analyzed using simulations, observations, and satellite altimetry data. Wind data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 5th Generation of European Reanalysis (ERA5) dataset were used as input into the numerical model. The results showed that the simulated astronomical tide levels and storm surges were similar to the observed data. The first and second stages of the storm surge in the Yellow and Bohai Seas were caused by a strong cold air mass, and the third stage was caused by cold air and the inertial oscillation of water. A decrease in the water level on the 19th and 20th caused the accumulation of a large amount of seawater in the southern Yellow Sea. The resulting potential energy gradient caused the excess seawater to reach the Dalian and Dandong coasts and the Bohai Sea. The southerly wind combined with the astronomical tide exacerbated this non-typical flood disaster. The inertial oscillation of water and wind contributed 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively, to the storm surges in the third stage, demonstrating the dominant effect of the inertial oscillation on the non-typical flood disaster.</p>

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The reason analysis for a non-typical storm surge disaster in the Bohai Sea using modeling, field observations, and satellite altimetry data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Yu-ling Liu,
  • Zi-xuan Lang,
  • Rui Zhang,
  • Zhi-peng Li,
  • Jie Zhao,
  • Qiao-qiao Zhang,
  • Ming-liang Zhang

摘要

Storm surges are natural disasters affecting the social and economic development in coastal areas of the Bohai Sea. This study used the Delft model to construct a storm surge model for the Yellow and Bohai Seas. A storm surge occurring on October 18–22, 2024, caused by non-typical weather systems was comprehensively analyzed using simulations, observations, and satellite altimetry data. Wind data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 5th Generation of European Reanalysis (ERA5) dataset were used as input into the numerical model. The results showed that the simulated astronomical tide levels and storm surges were similar to the observed data. The first and second stages of the storm surge in the Yellow and Bohai Seas were caused by a strong cold air mass, and the third stage was caused by cold air and the inertial oscillation of water. A decrease in the water level on the 19th and 20th caused the accumulation of a large amount of seawater in the southern Yellow Sea. The resulting potential energy gradient caused the excess seawater to reach the Dalian and Dandong coasts and the Bohai Sea. The southerly wind combined with the astronomical tide exacerbated this non-typical flood disaster. The inertial oscillation of water and wind contributed 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively, to the storm surges in the third stage, demonstrating the dominant effect of the inertial oscillation on the non-typical flood disaster.