<p>Understanding the impingement pressure characteristics of normal and oblique submerged circular impinging jets is crucial for the safe operation of hydraulic structures. This study experimentally investigates these characteristics across a broad range of impingement angles (20°–90°) and velocities (1.03 m/s–6.77 m/s), with the Reynolds numbers of 20 457–134 459. The time-averaged impingement pressure, instantaneous maximum pressure, and Root Mean Square (RMS) of pressure fluctuations are examined as key parameters. Results indicate that the corresponding dimensionless pressure coefficients for the impingement pressure characteristics are independent of the Reynolds number. A unified framework for the distribution of dimensionless pressure coefficients in the impingement region is established by extending the time-averaged impingement pressure distribution to both the instantaneous maximum pressure and the RMS of pressure fluctuations, and validating against experimental data. The effects of the impingement angle and distance on the distribution parameters are further analyzed. Under normal impingement, all three pressure characteristics exhibit self-similar distributions. As the impingement angle decreases, asymmetry between upstream and downstream distributions increases, leading to lower peak pressures and flatter profiles. The distribution parameters for all three pressure descriptors follow a power-law relationship, with the magnitude RMS &gt; instantaneous maximum &gt; time-averaged pressure, reflecting distinct attenuation behaviors of the mean and fluctuating flows. Notably, the stagnation point pressure is proportional to the normal component of the jet velocity, and the dimensionless distribution parameters remain consistent across varying impingement distances. These findings enhance the understanding of submerged impinging jet behavior and offer practical guidance for the hydraulic design and protection of engineering structures.</p>