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<p>The study examines the cluster effect of arrays of square cylinders in smooth and turbulent inflows, focusing on vortex shedding and wake dynamics. Several clusters in varying arrangements (2×2, 3×3 and 4×4) and spacings were investigated using high-fidelity large-eddy simulations (LESs). The obtained data reveal that the shedding frequency of the dominant vortex is primarily influenced by the solid portion of the cluster’s cross-section. From this observation, an effective cluster size, which mainly consists of the solid portion with a minor adjustment for the cluster porosity, is proposed in the study. The Strouhal number (<i>Sr</i>) based on the effective cluster size closely resembles that of an isolated square cylinder, suggesting that the characteristic length is the effective cluster width, but not the geometric cluster size. For turbulent inflows with an integral length scale exceeding the cluster size, <i>Sr</i> decreases markedly compared to smooth inflow cases, indicating a significant influence of large-scale turbulence on cluster dynamics.</p>

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Vortex shedding behind clusters of square cylinders

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Saad Inam,
  • Cung Nguyen,
  • Changchang Wang,
  • Davide Lasagna,
  • Zheng-Tong Xie

摘要

The study examines the cluster effect of arrays of square cylinders in smooth and turbulent inflows, focusing on vortex shedding and wake dynamics. Several clusters in varying arrangements (2×2, 3×3 and 4×4) and spacings were investigated using high-fidelity large-eddy simulations (LESs). The obtained data reveal that the shedding frequency of the dominant vortex is primarily influenced by the solid portion of the cluster’s cross-section. From this observation, an effective cluster size, which mainly consists of the solid portion with a minor adjustment for the cluster porosity, is proposed in the study. The Strouhal number (Sr) based on the effective cluster size closely resembles that of an isolated square cylinder, suggesting that the characteristic length is the effective cluster width, but not the geometric cluster size. For turbulent inflows with an integral length scale exceeding the cluster size, Sr decreases markedly compared to smooth inflow cases, indicating a significant influence of large-scale turbulence on cluster dynamics.