‘Enlightened Solidarity’ in the Philosophies of Tirukkuṟaḷ and Simone Weil and its Emergent Pedagogy
摘要
Tirukkuṟaḷ, with its timeless wisdom, and Simone Weil, with her radical ethical philosophy, converge on the powerful note of human solidarity with the afflicted. Both provide profound insights into the significance of empathizing with and actively engaging in alleviating the sufferings of those in distress. Tirukkuṟaḷ, deeply rooted in empathy and compassion (kaṇṇōṭṭam), strongly propounds the need to aid those in need. Simone Weil’s ethical radicalism stresses the dimension of kindness and attention to the sufferings of others. Simone Weil expressed her solidarity in actively engaging in the sufferings of her fellow humans through manual labour in the agricultural fields and in factories, although she was highly trained in one of the elite intellectual schools of philosophy of her time in France. She employs the concept of ‘affliction’ to denote the deepest struggles that humans face in their lives and ‘attention’ to indicate the strongest solidarity that a person can give to those in distress. The imperative of solidarity displayed in both their philosophies is qualified by the term ‘enlightened’ to signify that they acted on the deep impulse of wisdom to reach out to the suffering humanity. Therefore, this study employs an explorative method to draw out enriching insights on ‘enlightened solidarity’ and actualize an emergent pedagogy for better implementation of solidarity in the world.