<p>Pain, as a common symptom, seriously affects the patient’s health. The aim of this work was to study the physiological responses of the brain and identify the features of Electroencephalography (EEG) signals related to friction pain. The results showed that the primary brain activation evoked by friction pain was located in the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC). The activation area decreased, and the negative activation intensity in the PFC region increased with increasing intensity of pain. The inhibitory interactions between different brain regions, especially between the PFC and primary somatosensory cortex (SI) regions were enhanced, and excitatory-inhibitory connections between the medial and lateral pain pathways were balanced during pain perception. The percentage power spectral density of the <i>α</i> rhythm (<i>D</i>_<i>α</i>), dominant singularity strength (<i>α</i>_peak) and longest vertical line (<i>V</i>_max) of EEG signals induced by pain significantly decreased, and the percentage power spectral density of the <i>β</i> rhythm (<i>D</i>_<i>β</i>) significantly increased. The combination of multiple features of <i>D</i>_<i>α</i>, <i>D</i>_<i>β</i>, <i>α</i>_peak and <i>V</i>_max could significantly improve the average recognition accuracy of different pain states. This study elucidated the neural processing mechanisms of friction-induced pain, and EEG features associated with friction pain were extracted and recognized. It was helpful to study the brain feedback mechanisms of pain and control signals of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system related to pain.</p>