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<p><i>Sporisorium scitamineum</i> is a biotrophic smut fungus that causes severe disease in cultivated sugarcane, while wild <i>Saccharum</i> species have traditionally been regarded as resistant. Recent field observations from the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, however, indicate that <i>Saccharum spontaneum</i> can support smut gall development under natural conditions. In the present study, an integrated microscopic and proteomic approach was employed to characterize fungal colonization and pathogen protein expression during smut gall formation in this wild host. Histological, fluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive intercellular hyphal growth, teliospore aggregation, and preservation of host tissue integrity, consistent with a biotrophic interaction. Proteomic profiling using SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and LC–MS/MS led to the identification of 21 <i>S. scitamineum</i> proteins expressed in infected tissues, primarily associated with central metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, redox homeostasis, stress adaptation, and cellular regulation. Several detected proteins remain functionally uncharacterized, suggesting the involvement of poorly explored fungal components during smut development. Rather than a comparative resistance analysis, this study documents pathogen molecular activity during natural infection of a wild sugarcane species previously considered resistant. These findings contribute baseline molecular evidence for host–pathogen interactions in wild <i>Saccharum</i> germplasm and provide a reference framework for future comparative and functional studies on smut disease.</p>

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Molecular and microscopic characterization of Sporisorium scitamineum during smut gall development in the wild sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Robinson C. Jose,
  • Thangjam Kanchal

摘要

Sporisorium scitamineum is a biotrophic smut fungus that causes severe disease in cultivated sugarcane, while wild Saccharum species have traditionally been regarded as resistant. Recent field observations from the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, however, indicate that Saccharum spontaneum can support smut gall development under natural conditions. In the present study, an integrated microscopic and proteomic approach was employed to characterize fungal colonization and pathogen protein expression during smut gall formation in this wild host. Histological, fluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive intercellular hyphal growth, teliospore aggregation, and preservation of host tissue integrity, consistent with a biotrophic interaction. Proteomic profiling using SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and LC–MS/MS led to the identification of 21 S. scitamineum proteins expressed in infected tissues, primarily associated with central metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, redox homeostasis, stress adaptation, and cellular regulation. Several detected proteins remain functionally uncharacterized, suggesting the involvement of poorly explored fungal components during smut development. Rather than a comparative resistance analysis, this study documents pathogen molecular activity during natural infection of a wild sugarcane species previously considered resistant. These findings contribute baseline molecular evidence for host–pathogen interactions in wild Saccharum germplasm and provide a reference framework for future comparative and functional studies on smut disease.