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<p>Although date palms are well adapted to Saudi Arabia (SA) conditions, numerous devastating fungi, especially <i>Fusarium solani</i> can infect trees and negatively affect growth and production sustainability. This study aimed to determine the etiology of Fusarium wilt disease and to test the biocontrol potential of rhizosphere bacterial populations from date palm orchards. Eleven wilted root isolates were subjected to a pathogenicity test and displayed varying degrees of virulence, with isolate F4 causing the most severe disease (63.75%). Molecular identification with ITS indicated the pathogen to be <i>F</i>. <i>solani</i> (F4). The in vitro testing of 12 rhizobacteria isolates was performed on dual-culture plates. Isolates 7 and 9 showed the highest antifungal activity (78.9% of mycelial growth inhibition), followed by isolates 3 and 5 (67.7 and 73.3%, respectively). The predominant antagonists were determined to be <i>Streptomyces diastaticus</i> (S8), <i>S</i>. <i>fragilis</i> (S9), <i>S. griseocarneus</i> (S3), and <i>S. tendae</i> (S5) by 16S rRNA analyses. Under greenhouse conditions, all <i>Streptomyces</i> strains significantly decreased the percentage of wilt severity when compared with the control infected seedlings <i>S. diastaticus</i>,<i> S. fragilis</i>, <i>S. tendae</i>, and <i>S. griseocarneus</i> were the most  effective in reducing disease severity by (85.8, 86.6, 83.2, and 67.6%, respectively). Treated seedlings also exhibited a significant increase in growth parameters. Fresh and dry weights were strikingly elevated, especially in <i>S. tendae</i> and <i>S. diastaticus</i>, reaching levels comparable to those of healthy control seedlings. Enzyme assays demonstrated that the isolates produced substantial amounts of cellulase, protease, pectinase, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), with <i>S. tendae</i> producing particularly high levels of these enzymes and metabolites, indicating diverse contributions to antagonism, including antibiosis, cell wall degradation, and growth promotion. Overall, the tested <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. showed a significant antifungal activity against <i>F</i>. <i>solani</i>, inhibiting wilt development on ‘Nabtet Aly’ date palm cultivar and promoting seedlings growth. These isolates may potentially be used as biocontrol agents for sustainable management of Fusarium wilt in date palm orchards.</p>

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Eco-friendly suppression of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fusarium wilt using Streptomyces biocontrol agents from the rhizosphere

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Mohamed A. Awad,
  • Adel D. Al-Qurashi,
  • Kamal A. M Abo-Elyousr

摘要

Although date palms are well adapted to Saudi Arabia (SA) conditions, numerous devastating fungi, especially Fusarium solani can infect trees and negatively affect growth and production sustainability. This study aimed to determine the etiology of Fusarium wilt disease and to test the biocontrol potential of rhizosphere bacterial populations from date palm orchards. Eleven wilted root isolates were subjected to a pathogenicity test and displayed varying degrees of virulence, with isolate F4 causing the most severe disease (63.75%). Molecular identification with ITS indicated the pathogen to be F. solani (F4). The in vitro testing of 12 rhizobacteria isolates was performed on dual-culture plates. Isolates 7 and 9 showed the highest antifungal activity (78.9% of mycelial growth inhibition), followed by isolates 3 and 5 (67.7 and 73.3%, respectively). The predominant antagonists were determined to be Streptomyces diastaticus (S8), S. fragilis (S9), S. griseocarneus (S3), and S. tendae (S5) by 16S rRNA analyses. Under greenhouse conditions, all Streptomyces strains significantly decreased the percentage of wilt severity when compared with the control infected seedlings S. diastaticus, S. fragilis, S. tendae, and S. griseocarneus were the most  effective in reducing disease severity by (85.8, 86.6, 83.2, and 67.6%, respectively). Treated seedlings also exhibited a significant increase in growth parameters. Fresh and dry weights were strikingly elevated, especially in S. tendae and S. diastaticus, reaching levels comparable to those of healthy control seedlings. Enzyme assays demonstrated that the isolates produced substantial amounts of cellulase, protease, pectinase, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), with S. tendae producing particularly high levels of these enzymes and metabolites, indicating diverse contributions to antagonism, including antibiosis, cell wall degradation, and growth promotion. Overall, the tested Streptomyces spp. showed a significant antifungal activity against F. solani, inhibiting wilt development on ‘Nabtet Aly’ date palm cultivar and promoting seedlings growth. These isolates may potentially be used as biocontrol agents for sustainable management of Fusarium wilt in date palm orchards.