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<p><i>Fusarium</i> species are the major fungal pathogens associated with rice grains, leading to deterioration of seed quality and toxin contamination of grains. The study was focused on the isolation, identification and evaluation of the toxigenic potential of <i>Fusarium</i> spp. recovered from discolored rice grains collected across North India. A total of 89 isolates were isolated and subjected to morphological identification, revealing four predominant species: <i>F. fujikuroi</i>, <i>F. verticillioides</i>, <i>F. proliferatum</i> and <i>F. chlamydosporum</i>. PCR-based screening for key mycotoxin biosynthesis genes (<i>FUM1</i>, <i>FUM2</i> and <i>FUB</i>) identified six toxigenic isolates. Molecular identification by using β-tubulin, TEF1α and RPB2 gene sequencing confirmed species level identification of toxin producing isolates. <i>F. verticillioides</i> isolate Fv15 obtained from variety Pusa Basmati 1718 grown in Punjab region of north India harbored all three toxin biosynthesis target genes. Quantitative analysis using LC-MS/MS confirmed the toxigenic potential of isolate Fv15, which produced significant levels of Fumonisin B₁ (19.25&#xa0;µg/kg), Fumonisin B₂ (19.65&#xa0;µg/kg) and Fusaric Acid (12.96&#xa0;µg/kg). Method validation using the QuEChERS extraction method indicated high recovery rates (&gt; 83%) for all toxins, supporting the efficiency and credibility of the detection method used in the study. Pathogenicity assays conducted on the susceptible variety PR 114 confirmed that all toxigenic isolates induced discoloration symptoms on rice panicles, with isolate-specific variations in severity. These findings underscore the occurrence of toxigenic <i>Fusarium</i> species on discolored rice grains in north India and their significant role in food spoilage.</p>

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Prevalence of toxigenic Fusarium species associated with grain discoloration of rice in north India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Navdeep Singh,
  • Anju B. Sharma,
  • J. S. Lore,
  • Amarjit Singh,
  • Kousik Mandal,
  • Pooja Manchanda

摘要

Fusarium species are the major fungal pathogens associated with rice grains, leading to deterioration of seed quality and toxin contamination of grains. The study was focused on the isolation, identification and evaluation of the toxigenic potential of Fusarium spp. recovered from discolored rice grains collected across North India. A total of 89 isolates were isolated and subjected to morphological identification, revealing four predominant species: F. fujikuroi, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F. chlamydosporum. PCR-based screening for key mycotoxin biosynthesis genes (FUM1, FUM2 and FUB) identified six toxigenic isolates. Molecular identification by using β-tubulin, TEF1α and RPB2 gene sequencing confirmed species level identification of toxin producing isolates. F. verticillioides isolate Fv15 obtained from variety Pusa Basmati 1718 grown in Punjab region of north India harbored all three toxin biosynthesis target genes. Quantitative analysis using LC-MS/MS confirmed the toxigenic potential of isolate Fv15, which produced significant levels of Fumonisin B₁ (19.25 µg/kg), Fumonisin B₂ (19.65 µg/kg) and Fusaric Acid (12.96 µg/kg). Method validation using the QuEChERS extraction method indicated high recovery rates (> 83%) for all toxins, supporting the efficiency and credibility of the detection method used in the study. Pathogenicity assays conducted on the susceptible variety PR 114 confirmed that all toxigenic isolates induced discoloration symptoms on rice panicles, with isolate-specific variations in severity. These findings underscore the occurrence of toxigenic Fusarium species on discolored rice grains in north India and their significant role in food spoilage.