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<p>Sooty mould, fuelled by whitefly honey-dew, routinely tarnishes lint quality and erodes cotton yield in Punjab. To identify dependable curative options, we conducted a randomized complete-block trial for two seasons (2022–2024) at Abohar, Bathinda, and Faridkot on the popular <i>Bt</i> hybrid RCH 773 BG II, comparing seven fungicides and two horticultural mineral oils (HMO) applied once at the first appearance of honeydew. The percent disease index (PDI) assessed 15 days later was arcsine-transformed for analysis, revealing a significant treatment × location interaction. Copper oxychloride 50 WP at 3&#xa0;g/L and the azoxystrobin + difenoconazole premix at 1 mL/L reduced sooty mould PDI by 35–38% relative to the unsprayed check and delivered the greatest mean seed-cotton yields (14.6 and 14.0 q/ha, respectively) versus 8.9 q/ha in the control. In 2024 (with high humidity), at Abohar, a copper-starch combination surpassed copper oxychloride in reducing the sooty mould severity, confirming the value of added rain-fastness, whereas increasing the copper dose to 4&#xa0;g/L, with HMO providing similar disease suppression. Yield and disease were tightly coupled (<i>r</i> = − 0.90), with every five-point fall in PDI associated with approximately 1.6 q/ha higher seed cotton yield. We conclude that a single, well-timed spray of copper oxychloride 3&#xa0;g/L or azoxystrobin + difenoconazole 1 mL/L rotated across seasons and substituted with the copper-starch blend during humid spells offers a robust, economical, and resistance-conscious strategy for managing sooty mould and results in substantial yield recovery (5.1–5.7 q/ha) compared with the unsprayed control in the semi-arid cotton belt of Punjab.</p>

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Field evaluation of fungicide and mineral-oil spray programmes for managing sooty mould in Bt cotton across different environments in Punjab, northern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月1日

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  • Rupesh Kumar Arora,
  • Manpreet Singh,
  • Sandeep Kumar Raheja,
  • Jagdish Kumar Arora,
  • Ashok Kumar

摘要

Sooty mould, fuelled by whitefly honey-dew, routinely tarnishes lint quality and erodes cotton yield in Punjab. To identify dependable curative options, we conducted a randomized complete-block trial for two seasons (2022–2024) at Abohar, Bathinda, and Faridkot on the popular Bt hybrid RCH 773 BG II, comparing seven fungicides and two horticultural mineral oils (HMO) applied once at the first appearance of honeydew. The percent disease index (PDI) assessed 15 days later was arcsine-transformed for analysis, revealing a significant treatment × location interaction. Copper oxychloride 50 WP at 3 g/L and the azoxystrobin + difenoconazole premix at 1 mL/L reduced sooty mould PDI by 35–38% relative to the unsprayed check and delivered the greatest mean seed-cotton yields (14.6 and 14.0 q/ha, respectively) versus 8.9 q/ha in the control. In 2024 (with high humidity), at Abohar, a copper-starch combination surpassed copper oxychloride in reducing the sooty mould severity, confirming the value of added rain-fastness, whereas increasing the copper dose to 4 g/L, with HMO providing similar disease suppression. Yield and disease were tightly coupled (r = − 0.90), with every five-point fall in PDI associated with approximately 1.6 q/ha higher seed cotton yield. We conclude that a single, well-timed spray of copper oxychloride 3 g/L or azoxystrobin + difenoconazole 1 mL/L rotated across seasons and substituted with the copper-starch blend during humid spells offers a robust, economical, and resistance-conscious strategy for managing sooty mould and results in substantial yield recovery (5.1–5.7 q/ha) compared with the unsprayed control in the semi-arid cotton belt of Punjab.