Scholarlink

<p>Citrus canker, caused by <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i>, is a globally important bacterial disease that severely constrains citrus production. Despite Pakistan being one of the world’s leading citrus producers, comprehensive information on the disease status has been lacking. This study presents the first nationwide surveillance of citrus canker across major citrus-growing regions of Pakistan, conducted over three consecutive years (2020–2022) in orchards, nurseries, research farms, and household plantations. Disease incidence and severity were highly variable across regions, districts, and citrus hosts. The maximum mean severity was recorded in the Pothohar region (12%), whereas Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa exhibited the highest incidence (2.2%). At the district scale, Malakand, Swat, Peshawar, Sargodha, Khushab, and Lahore reached severity levels of up to 50%. Host-specific analysis revealed Sweet Orange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) and Sour Lemon (<i>Citrus limon</i>) as the most susceptible types, with disease severity and incidence reaching 50%, while Sweet and Sour Lime showed relatively lower susceptibility. Year-wise trends indicated greater disease pressure in 2020, followed by a decline in 2021 and 2022, suggesting temporal shifts in pathogen prevalence. The study highlights a heterogeneous distribution of citrus canker, shaped by geographic and host-related factors. These findings established the first systematic baseline of citrus canker epidemiology in Pakistan, offering valuable insights for region-specific management, breeding of resistant cultivars, and long-term strategies to mitigate disease impact. The results are critical for strengthening disease surveillance frameworks and ensuring the sustainability of Pakistan’s citrus industry.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Surveillance of citrus canker: a threat to Pakistani citrus industry-status and distribution of citrus canker in major citrus growing regions of Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

查看全文
  • Safi Ullah,
  • Zia ur Rehman,
  • Muhammad Tayyab,
  • Aamir Iqbal,
  • Abdullah Jalal,
  • Jinbiao Ma,
  • Muhammad Awais,
  • Sajid Ali

摘要

Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is a globally important bacterial disease that severely constrains citrus production. Despite Pakistan being one of the world’s leading citrus producers, comprehensive information on the disease status has been lacking. This study presents the first nationwide surveillance of citrus canker across major citrus-growing regions of Pakistan, conducted over three consecutive years (2020–2022) in orchards, nurseries, research farms, and household plantations. Disease incidence and severity were highly variable across regions, districts, and citrus hosts. The maximum mean severity was recorded in the Pothohar region (12%), whereas Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa exhibited the highest incidence (2.2%). At the district scale, Malakand, Swat, Peshawar, Sargodha, Khushab, and Lahore reached severity levels of up to 50%. Host-specific analysis revealed Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) and Sour Lemon (Citrus limon) as the most susceptible types, with disease severity and incidence reaching 50%, while Sweet and Sour Lime showed relatively lower susceptibility. Year-wise trends indicated greater disease pressure in 2020, followed by a decline in 2021 and 2022, suggesting temporal shifts in pathogen prevalence. The study highlights a heterogeneous distribution of citrus canker, shaped by geographic and host-related factors. These findings established the first systematic baseline of citrus canker epidemiology in Pakistan, offering valuable insights for region-specific management, breeding of resistant cultivars, and long-term strategies to mitigate disease impact. The results are critical for strengthening disease surveillance frameworks and ensuring the sustainability of Pakistan’s citrus industry.