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<p>Bacteria of the <i>Bacillus</i> genus are recognized for their effectiveness in the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi due to their production of secondary metabolites. In this study, three soil bacterial isolates, Q37, Q38, and Q39, identified as <i>Bacillus</i> species, alongside <i>Bacillus</i> Q11 as a control, were characterized for their antagonistic potential against phytopathogenic fungi of agricultural importance, including <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>, and <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i>, some of which are responsible for postharvest losses in tomato. Dual in vitro assays showed that Q39 inhibited, on average, 50% of the mycelial growth of most fungi tested. Lipopeptide production, identified by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, may be responsible for this inhibition. Fungal suppression was also assessed through bacterial production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using inverted plate assays, with inhibitions greater than 58% observed against <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>S. rolfsii</i> by all strains. VOCs were analyzed by SPME-GC-MS, identifying alcohols, ketones, and organic acids as the most abundant compounds. In an in vivo biocontrol assay, tomato fruits infected with <i>A. alternata</i> showed that the VOCs produced by Q11 and Q39 reduced rot incidence by 27% and 54%, respectively, and diminished lesion size by 70%. In conclusion, Q39 demonstrates potential as a biocontrol agent.</p>

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Biocontrol potential of Bacillus strains against postharvest fungal pathogens of tomatoes via lipopeptides and volatile compounds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Javier Ramírez-Martínez,
  • Rocío Velázquez-Robledo,
  • Alejandro Hernández-Morales,
  • Jackeline Lizzeta Arvizu-Gómez,
  • Juan Campos-Guillen,
  • Aldo Amaro-Reyes,
  • Miriam Desirée Dávila-Medina,
  • Sofía María Arvizu-Medrano,
  • Montserrat Hernández-Iturriaga,
  • José Andrés Jiménez-Mu,
  • Jesús Armando Lucas-Bautista,
  • Juan Ramiro Pacheco-Aguilar

摘要

Bacteria of the Bacillus genus are recognized for their effectiveness in the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi due to their production of secondary metabolites. In this study, three soil bacterial isolates, Q37, Q38, and Q39, identified as Bacillus species, alongside Bacillus Q11 as a control, were characterized for their antagonistic potential against phytopathogenic fungi of agricultural importance, including Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici, and Sclerotium rolfsii, some of which are responsible for postharvest losses in tomato. Dual in vitro assays showed that Q39 inhibited, on average, 50% of the mycelial growth of most fungi tested. Lipopeptide production, identified by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, may be responsible for this inhibition. Fungal suppression was also assessed through bacterial production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using inverted plate assays, with inhibitions greater than 58% observed against A. alternata and S. rolfsii by all strains. VOCs were analyzed by SPME-GC-MS, identifying alcohols, ketones, and organic acids as the most abundant compounds. In an in vivo biocontrol assay, tomato fruits infected with A. alternata showed that the VOCs produced by Q11 and Q39 reduced rot incidence by 27% and 54%, respectively, and diminished lesion size by 70%. In conclusion, Q39 demonstrates potential as a biocontrol agent.