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<p>Bacterial spot (BS), caused by four distinct <i>Xanthomonas</i> spp. and pathovars, namely <i>X. vesicatoria</i>, <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> pv. <i>euvesicatoria</i>, <i>X. e</i>. pv. <i>perforans</i>, and <i>X. cynarae</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i>, is a major disease affecting tomato and pepper crops worldwide. This study investigated isolates from field and greenhouse-grown tomato and pepper plants exhibiting BS symptoms in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia, focusing on their pathogenicity, biochemical and molecular characteristics, identification, possible copper resistance or tolerance, and genetic diversity. Our surveys indicated variable yet extensive disease incidence and severity, reaching up to 16% and 36%, respectively, with increased prevalence noted in greenhouse-cultivated crops due to advantageous climatic conditions. Our findings underscore the significance of managing humidity and temperature in greenhouse systems to reduce BS outbreaks. Over two years, 131 samples were collected, with 85 confirmed to harbor <i>X. e.</i> pv. <i>euvesicatoria</i>. Biochemical and molecular analyses using species-specific primers—including a newly developed primer set, Euv8—along with multilocus sequence and phylogenetic analyses based on <i>hrpB7</i> and six housekeeping genes (<i>fusA</i>, <i>gapA</i>, <i>gltA</i>, <i>gyrB</i>, <i>lacF</i>, and <i>lepA</i>), confirmed the identity of the strains and grouped the Saudi isolates into two distinct genotypes. No copper-resistant or copper-tolerant <i>X. e</i>. pv. <i>euvesicatoria</i> strains were identified. This study provides insights into the etiology and epidemiology of BS in Saudi Arabia and discusses strategies to mitigate its economic impact on tomato and pepper production.</p>

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Occurrence and characterization of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria, the causal agent of bacterial spot of tomato and pepper in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Yasser E. Ibrahim,
  • Talha Mansoor,
  • Ali A. Al Masrahi,
  • Arya Widyawan,
  • Abdullah F. Al Hashel,
  • Mohammed A. Al Saleh

摘要

Bacterial spot (BS), caused by four distinct Xanthomonas spp. and pathovars, namely X. vesicatoria, X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria, X. e. pv. perforans, and X. cynarae pv. gardneri, is a major disease affecting tomato and pepper crops worldwide. This study investigated isolates from field and greenhouse-grown tomato and pepper plants exhibiting BS symptoms in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia, focusing on their pathogenicity, biochemical and molecular characteristics, identification, possible copper resistance or tolerance, and genetic diversity. Our surveys indicated variable yet extensive disease incidence and severity, reaching up to 16% and 36%, respectively, with increased prevalence noted in greenhouse-cultivated crops due to advantageous climatic conditions. Our findings underscore the significance of managing humidity and temperature in greenhouse systems to reduce BS outbreaks. Over two years, 131 samples were collected, with 85 confirmed to harbor X. e. pv. euvesicatoria. Biochemical and molecular analyses using species-specific primers—including a newly developed primer set, Euv8—along with multilocus sequence and phylogenetic analyses based on hrpB7 and six housekeeping genes (fusA, gapA, gltA, gyrB, lacF, and lepA), confirmed the identity of the strains and grouped the Saudi isolates into two distinct genotypes. No copper-resistant or copper-tolerant X. e. pv. euvesicatoria strains were identified. This study provides insights into the etiology and epidemiology of BS in Saudi Arabia and discusses strategies to mitigate its economic impact on tomato and pepper production.