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<p>Sunflower Necrosis Disease (SND), caused by a strain of tobacco streak virus (TSV), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting sunflower cultivation across the Indian subcontinent and remains a major constraint to crop productivity. To date, no resistant sources have been reported in Indian sunflower germplasm. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance potential of fifty exotic sunflower germplasm accessions against SND under natural field conditions by assessing eight physiological and yield-related parameters. Screening was conducted based on a visual disease scale, with confirmation <i>via</i> reverse transcription–recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and DAC-ELISA assays. Immune and resistant accessions exhibited total chlorophyll content ranging from 13.05 to 19.63&#xa0;mg/mL, SPAD values above 29, carotenoid content up to 15.18&#xa0;mg/ml, sugar content of more than 100&#xa0;mg/g, and plant heights of 100–150&#xa0;cm. In contrast, the highly susceptible accessions and local checks showed clear declines, with chlorophyll content dropping below 0.7&#xa0;mg/mL and SPAD values falling under 6. Carotenoid levels rarely went above 3.2&#xa0;mg/mL, sugar content stayed around 17 to 21&#xa0;mg/g, and plant height was often less than 50&#xa0;cm. A reduction in test weight of over 75% was observed in highly susceptible lines and 71% in local checks compared to immune lines. Percent disease incidence (PDI) of TSV showed strong, statistically significant negative correlations with all measured physiological and yield traits, including total chlorophyll content (<i>r</i> = − 0.95), SPAD (<i>r</i> = − 0.94), carotenoids (<i>r</i> = − 0.83), sugar content (<i>r</i> = − 0.88), head diameter (<i>r</i> = − 0.93), and test weight (<i>r</i> = − 0.97) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all). These findings highlight the existence of novel immune and resistant germplasm lines with minimal disease impact, offering promising sources for the development of SND-resistant sunflower varieties through breeding programs.</p>

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Unravelling resistance to sunflower necrosis disease: a molecular diagnostic and physiological trait-based approach to identify TSV-resilient germplasm

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Chaitra Govinakovi Veereshappa,
  • Parameswari Balasubramaniam,
  • Pranusha Pulivendula,
  • Sakhare Akshay Sureshrao,
  • Anitha Kodaru,
  • Bhaskar Bajaru,
  • Lakshman Saravanan,
  • Celia Chalam Vasimella,
  • Gyanendra Pratap Singh

摘要

Sunflower Necrosis Disease (SND), caused by a strain of tobacco streak virus (TSV), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting sunflower cultivation across the Indian subcontinent and remains a major constraint to crop productivity. To date, no resistant sources have been reported in Indian sunflower germplasm. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance potential of fifty exotic sunflower germplasm accessions against SND under natural field conditions by assessing eight physiological and yield-related parameters. Screening was conducted based on a visual disease scale, with confirmation via reverse transcription–recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and DAC-ELISA assays. Immune and resistant accessions exhibited total chlorophyll content ranging from 13.05 to 19.63 mg/mL, SPAD values above 29, carotenoid content up to 15.18 mg/ml, sugar content of more than 100 mg/g, and plant heights of 100–150 cm. In contrast, the highly susceptible accessions and local checks showed clear declines, with chlorophyll content dropping below 0.7 mg/mL and SPAD values falling under 6. Carotenoid levels rarely went above 3.2 mg/mL, sugar content stayed around 17 to 21 mg/g, and plant height was often less than 50 cm. A reduction in test weight of over 75% was observed in highly susceptible lines and 71% in local checks compared to immune lines. Percent disease incidence (PDI) of TSV showed strong, statistically significant negative correlations with all measured physiological and yield traits, including total chlorophyll content (r = − 0.95), SPAD (r = − 0.94), carotenoids (r = − 0.83), sugar content (r = − 0.88), head diameter (r = − 0.93), and test weight (r = − 0.97) (p < 0.001 for all). These findings highlight the existence of novel immune and resistant germplasm lines with minimal disease impact, offering promising sources for the development of SND-resistant sunflower varieties through breeding programs.