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<p>Endophytic fungi offer several advantages as biocontrol agents, including long-term colonization of host tissues, minimal environmental impact, production of bioactive compounds, and the ability to induce systemic resistance against a broad spectrum of phytopathogens. In this study, 50 healthy tomato plant samples were collected from Isfahan and Tehran provinces in Iran. A total of 89 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from root, stem, and leaf tissues. Morphological analysis identified 12 genera: <i>Acremonium</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Arthrinium</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Colletotrichum</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Moniliophthora</i>, <i>Nigrospora</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia</i>, and <i>Trichoderma</i>. Antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> using dual culture and volatile organic compound (VOC) assays. Six <i>Fusarium</i> isolates exhibited the highest inhibitory effects. Isolate 41R1 showed the strongest inhibition in the dual culture test, reducing mycelial growth of <i>B. cinerea</i> isolates B1 and B2 by 65.8% and 65.0%, respectively. In the VOC assay, isolate 28S1 was the most effective, inhibiting B1 and B2 by 66.6% and 62.6%, respectively. In greenhouse trials, the selected isolates reduced tomato gray mold severity by 35–58%. Application of isolate 28S1 alone increased plant dry weight by 10.7% compared to the control, without significantly affecting other growth parameters. Molecular identification using partial <i>tef-1α</i> gene sequencing revealed that isolates 41R1 and 28S1 were <i>Fusarium falciforme</i>, and isolate 16S3 was <i>F. solani</i>. These results suggest that <i>Fusarium</i> endophytes, particularly <i>F. falciforme</i> and <i>F. solani</i>, hold strong potential as sustainable biocontrol agents for managing gray mold in tomato, offering an alternative to chemical fungicides.</p>

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Antagonism of tomato endophytic fungi against grey mold disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Alireza Pourmand,
  • Leila Ebrahimi,
  • Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar

摘要

Endophytic fungi offer several advantages as biocontrol agents, including long-term colonization of host tissues, minimal environmental impact, production of bioactive compounds, and the ability to induce systemic resistance against a broad spectrum of phytopathogens. In this study, 50 healthy tomato plant samples were collected from Isfahan and Tehran provinces in Iran. A total of 89 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from root, stem, and leaf tissues. Morphological analysis identified 12 genera: Acremonium, Alternaria, Arthrinium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Moniliophthora, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, and Trichoderma. Antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro against Botrytis cinerea using dual culture and volatile organic compound (VOC) assays. Six Fusarium isolates exhibited the highest inhibitory effects. Isolate 41R1 showed the strongest inhibition in the dual culture test, reducing mycelial growth of B. cinerea isolates B1 and B2 by 65.8% and 65.0%, respectively. In the VOC assay, isolate 28S1 was the most effective, inhibiting B1 and B2 by 66.6% and 62.6%, respectively. In greenhouse trials, the selected isolates reduced tomato gray mold severity by 35–58%. Application of isolate 28S1 alone increased plant dry weight by 10.7% compared to the control, without significantly affecting other growth parameters. Molecular identification using partial tef-1α gene sequencing revealed that isolates 41R1 and 28S1 were Fusarium falciforme, and isolate 16S3 was F. solani. These results suggest that Fusarium endophytes, particularly F. falciforme and F. solani, hold strong potential as sustainable biocontrol agents for managing gray mold in tomato, offering an alternative to chemical fungicides.