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<p>Minimizing agricultural inputs while maintaining high-quality yields has become increasingly important in response to the global sustainability agenda. Soil-borne plant pathogens pose significant threats to crop productivity, yield stability, and the overall agricultural economy. Although chemical fungicides have historically been used to manage these diseases and enhance yields, their indiscriminate application has led to adverse environmental, health, and ecological impacts, particularly by affecting non-target organisms. As a result, there is growing interest in alternative crop protection strategies, with biological control agents (BCAs) emerging as a promising and eco-friendly solution. BCAs, which include beneficial microorganisms such as <i>Bacillus</i>,<i> Pseudomonas</i>,<i> Streptomyces</i>,<i> Pantoea</i>,<i> Clonostachys</i>,<i> Burkholderia</i>,<i> Trichoderma</i>, and certain yeasts, offer a sustainable alternative to conventional pesticides. These agents function through various mechanisms, including antibiosis, resource competition, parasitism, and the induction of systemic resistance. Soil- and rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria such as <i>Bacillus</i> species and <i>Agrobacterium radiobacter</i> are particularly well-suited for agricultural applications. BCAs not only support sustainable disease management and enhance disease resistance but also provide practical options for disease control in situations where other methods are ineffective or impractical. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of biological control agents in managing soil-borne plant pathogens, with a focus on their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and integration into sustainable agricultural practices. Specifically, the review seeks to examine the challenges posed by soil-borne plant pathogens and the limitations of traditional chemical controls; explore the diversity, mechanisms, and efficacy of microbial BCAs; analyze the complex interactions among soil-borne plant pathogens, their natural antagonists, host plants, and the environment; and highlight the importance of tailored, context-specific management strategies to ensure the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of biocontrol approaches. By addressing these objectives, the review highlights the crucial role of BCAs in promoting sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.</p>

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The utilization of microorganisms for biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens: a sustainable strategy for managing plant diseases - a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月5日

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  • Fatimah S. Alqahtani

摘要

Minimizing agricultural inputs while maintaining high-quality yields has become increasingly important in response to the global sustainability agenda. Soil-borne plant pathogens pose significant threats to crop productivity, yield stability, and the overall agricultural economy. Although chemical fungicides have historically been used to manage these diseases and enhance yields, their indiscriminate application has led to adverse environmental, health, and ecological impacts, particularly by affecting non-target organisms. As a result, there is growing interest in alternative crop protection strategies, with biological control agents (BCAs) emerging as a promising and eco-friendly solution. BCAs, which include beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Pantoea, Clonostachys, Burkholderia, Trichoderma, and certain yeasts, offer a sustainable alternative to conventional pesticides. These agents function through various mechanisms, including antibiosis, resource competition, parasitism, and the induction of systemic resistance. Soil- and rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria such as Bacillus species and Agrobacterium radiobacter are particularly well-suited for agricultural applications. BCAs not only support sustainable disease management and enhance disease resistance but also provide practical options for disease control in situations where other methods are ineffective or impractical. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of biological control agents in managing soil-borne plant pathogens, with a focus on their mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and integration into sustainable agricultural practices. Specifically, the review seeks to examine the challenges posed by soil-borne plant pathogens and the limitations of traditional chemical controls; explore the diversity, mechanisms, and efficacy of microbial BCAs; analyze the complex interactions among soil-borne plant pathogens, their natural antagonists, host plants, and the environment; and highlight the importance of tailored, context-specific management strategies to ensure the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of biocontrol approaches. By addressing these objectives, the review highlights the crucial role of BCAs in promoting sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.