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<p>To date, no native antagonistic microorganisms from Mexico have been identified as effective biological control agents against <i>Erwinia amylovora</i>. This study reports five bacterial strains from the genera <i>Pantoea</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> (<i>Pantoea</i> sp. R65, R51, CA1; and <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. GA13, GB8), isolated from Mexico’s main apple-producing region. Strains were identified based on biochemical, morphological, and molecular characteristics, and their antagonistic activity against <i>E. amylovora</i> was evaluated in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Controls included untreated samples, antibiotics, and a commercial formulation of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> QST 713 (Serenade ASO, Bayer Crop Science). <i>Pantoea</i> sp. R65 and CA1 showed the highest antagonistic activity, with inhibition zones of 7–11.9&#xa0;mm in vitro, 70% healthy flowers in ex vivo assays, and 64% and 77% disease control in vivo, respectively. Their efficacy correlated with increasing recovery from flowers as bloom advanced. <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains showed lower, but measurable, antagonistic effects. Notably, <i>Pantoea</i> spp. outperformed <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> QST 713, exceeding its efficacy by factors of up to 22.8. Additionally, high inoculum levels of <i>E. amylovora</i> (1 × 10⁴ CFU/g) detected in organic mulch highlight its potential role as an alternative primary inoculum source. These findings demonstrate the potential of native <i>Pantoea</i> spp. as effective biocontrol agents against <i>E. amylovora</i> and suggest the need to consider organic mulch as a relevant epidemiological factor.</p>

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First isolation of Pantoea spp. and Pseudomonas spp. for the control of Erwinia amylovora in apple orchards in Mexico

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • América Jocelyn Pérez Alvarez,
  • Daniel Alejandro de la Peña Baca,
  • Carlos Horacio Acosta Muñiz,
  • José de Jesús Ornelas Paz,
  • Alejandro Romo Chacón

摘要

To date, no native antagonistic microorganisms from Mexico have been identified as effective biological control agents against Erwinia amylovora. This study reports five bacterial strains from the genera Pantoea and Pseudomonas (Pantoea sp. R65, R51, CA1; and Pseudomonas sp. GA13, GB8), isolated from Mexico’s main apple-producing region. Strains were identified based on biochemical, morphological, and molecular characteristics, and their antagonistic activity against E. amylovora was evaluated in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Controls included untreated samples, antibiotics, and a commercial formulation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST 713 (Serenade ASO, Bayer Crop Science). Pantoea sp. R65 and CA1 showed the highest antagonistic activity, with inhibition zones of 7–11.9 mm in vitro, 70% healthy flowers in ex vivo assays, and 64% and 77% disease control in vivo, respectively. Their efficacy correlated with increasing recovery from flowers as bloom advanced. Pseudomonas strains showed lower, but measurable, antagonistic effects. Notably, Pantoea spp. outperformed B. amyloliquefaciens QST 713, exceeding its efficacy by factors of up to 22.8. Additionally, high inoculum levels of E. amylovora (1 × 10⁴ CFU/g) detected in organic mulch highlight its potential role as an alternative primary inoculum source. These findings demonstrate the potential of native Pantoea spp. as effective biocontrol agents against E. amylovora and suggest the need to consider organic mulch as a relevant epidemiological factor.