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<p>The genus <i>Cercospora</i> is widely distributed and causes foliar diseases, including those affecting soybean. Cercosporoid species exhibit high intraspecific variation, and the lack of distinct morphological features has led to host plant association becoming a key criterion for species delimitation. Recently, in addition to <i>C. kikuchii</i>, other species such as <i>C.</i> cf.<i> flagellaris, C. </i>cf.<i> sigesbeckiae</i>, and <i>C. </i>cf.<i> nicotianae</i> have been linked to Cercospora Leaf Blight (CLB) and Purple Seed Stain (PSS) in soybean. In this study, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were used to identify six <i>Cercospora</i> lineages responsible for causing CLB and PSS across Brazil. A total of 256 <i>Cercospora</i> isolates were obtained from eight states in Brazil, and DNA was extracted to sequence 10 polymorphic nuclear and mitochondrial gene fragments. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed to infer relationships among the isolates. Eight lineages were associated with CLB and PSS, six of which were exclusively found in Brazil, while two were restricted to the United States. We propose that these lineages represent cryptic species of <i>Cercospora</i>, producing similar symptoms on leaves and seeds. Principal coordinate analysis supported the Bayesian phylogenetic results, explaining 84% of the variation through three principal coordinates. Bayesian population structure analysis detected no evidence of admixture among isolates. Additionally, nine out of ten tested lineages exhibited a 1:1 ratio of <i>MAT1-1</i> to <i>MAT1-2</i> mating-type alleles. Our findings reveal the presence of multiple <i>Cercospora</i> lineages causing CLB and PSS in soybean, demonstrating that species identification based solely on host association is unreliable.</p>

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Six lineages of Cercospora are responsible for Cercospora leaf blight and purple seed stain on soybean in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月21日

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  • Leandro Luiz Borges,
  • Thiago Freitas Ferreira,
  • Marina Garofalo Lana,
  • Isabela Delpupo Caliman,
  • Newton Deniz Piovesan,
  • Burton H. Bluhm,
  • Luiz Orlando de Oliveira

摘要

The genus Cercospora is widely distributed and causes foliar diseases, including those affecting soybean. Cercosporoid species exhibit high intraspecific variation, and the lack of distinct morphological features has led to host plant association becoming a key criterion for species delimitation. Recently, in addition to C. kikuchii, other species such as C. cf. flagellaris, C. cf. sigesbeckiae, and C. cf. nicotianae have been linked to Cercospora Leaf Blight (CLB) and Purple Seed Stain (PSS) in soybean. In this study, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were used to identify six Cercospora lineages responsible for causing CLB and PSS across Brazil. A total of 256 Cercospora isolates were obtained from eight states in Brazil, and DNA was extracted to sequence 10 polymorphic nuclear and mitochondrial gene fragments. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed to infer relationships among the isolates. Eight lineages were associated with CLB and PSS, six of which were exclusively found in Brazil, while two were restricted to the United States. We propose that these lineages represent cryptic species of Cercospora, producing similar symptoms on leaves and seeds. Principal coordinate analysis supported the Bayesian phylogenetic results, explaining 84% of the variation through three principal coordinates. Bayesian population structure analysis detected no evidence of admixture among isolates. Additionally, nine out of ten tested lineages exhibited a 1:1 ratio of MAT1-1 to MAT1-2 mating-type alleles. Our findings reveal the presence of multiple Cercospora lineages causing CLB and PSS in soybean, demonstrating that species identification based solely on host association is unreliable.