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<p>The limitations imposed by sparse interfaces constrain the achievement of both energy and high safety performance of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105)–based energetic composite materials (ECMs). Herein, this study presented a constraint interface using two-dimensional energetic polymer to yield dense interfaces in LLM-105 based ECMs. Simulation first suggested an increased charge accumulation and predominant van-der-Waals forces at the dense interface of LLM-105 (denoted as hd-LLM-105), achieving tight interaction and evidently increased crystal density from 1.909 to 1.958 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The decreased hot-spots against stimuli could lead to outstanding safety performances (impact energy &gt; 80 J, friction force = 360 N) in hd-LLM-105. Besides, improved detonation velocity and pressure from calculation and measurement were disclosed in hd-LLM-105, demonstrating the positive role of the interfacial constraint. The safety and detonation performance surpasses the typical heat-resistant explosives. Besides, hd-LLM-105 possesses comparable detonation performance and excellent safety performance than that of RDX. This work demonstrates the potential of dense interface design for next-generation ECMs with simultaneously achieved high detonation and high safety.</p>

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Synergistically enhanced safety and energy density of energetic materials via interfacial constraint

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Xu Zhao,
  • Minghui Yu,
  • Dan Liu,
  • Haorui Zhang,
  • Junru Wang,
  • Guansong He,
  • Qi-Long Yan,
  • Zhijian Yang

摘要

The limitations imposed by sparse interfaces constrain the achievement of both energy and high safety performance of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105)–based energetic composite materials (ECMs). Herein, this study presented a constraint interface using two-dimensional energetic polymer to yield dense interfaces in LLM-105 based ECMs. Simulation first suggested an increased charge accumulation and predominant van-der-Waals forces at the dense interface of LLM-105 (denoted as hd-LLM-105), achieving tight interaction and evidently increased crystal density from 1.909 to 1.958 g/cm3. The decreased hot-spots against stimuli could lead to outstanding safety performances (impact energy > 80 J, friction force = 360 N) in hd-LLM-105. Besides, improved detonation velocity and pressure from calculation and measurement were disclosed in hd-LLM-105, demonstrating the positive role of the interfacial constraint. The safety and detonation performance surpasses the typical heat-resistant explosives. Besides, hd-LLM-105 possesses comparable detonation performance and excellent safety performance than that of RDX. This work demonstrates the potential of dense interface design for next-generation ECMs with simultaneously achieved high detonation and high safety.