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<p>With the emergence of wearable devices, hydrogel (HGs) materials have been explored for direct and seamless interfacing with the body while integrating multifunctional capabilities. This work presents an&#xa0;in situ gelation route for creating composite poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-based HGs by exploiting borax-catalyzed thiol-acrylate Michael addition and boronate ester crosslinking of 1,2-diols in dithiothreitol. The boronate ester bonds disclose glucose and pH-mediated degradation, followed by the subsequent release of therapeutic compounds in an “on-demand” fashion. Using the same route, we show that the HGs can integrate conductive elements such as gold nanoparticles, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), or MXene (Ti<sub>₃</sub>C<sub>₂</sub>Tx) thereby establishing an electrically active HG network. The resulting HGs can be processed using extrusion-based techniques, yielding enhanced conductivity, stretchability, adhesiveness, self-healing properties, and thermo-responsiveness. In addition, upon glucose absorption and subsequent destabilization, the proposed HG systems generate electrochemical responses across a wide glucose concentration range (from μM to mM), highlighting their potential for integration in wearable point-of-care devices. Finally, an in vitro wound healing assay reveals enhanced wound closure in the presence of the composite HGs, thereby highlighting their potential use in wound management.</p> Graphical abstract <p>In this work, we present a new strategy to fabricate a composite hydrogel that exhibits selfhealing, adhesiveness, injectability, printability, responsiveness, and conductivity. By incorporating polyethylene glycol diacrylate, dithiothreitol, borax, and gold nanoparticles or other conductive fillers, these composite hydrogels offer broad potential for applications such as drug delivery, wound healing, and bioelectronic devices. </p> <p></p>

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In situ development of self-healing, injectable, glucose and pH-responsive electroconductive composite hydrogels

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Akbar Ali,
  • Mano Govindharaj,
  • Bushara Fatma,
  • Khulood H. Alshehhi,
  • Deema Islayem,
  • Nazmi B. Alsaafeen,
  • Anna Maria Pappa,
  • Charalampos Pitsalidis

摘要

With the emergence of wearable devices, hydrogel (HGs) materials have been explored for direct and seamless interfacing with the body while integrating multifunctional capabilities. This work presents an in situ gelation route for creating composite poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-based HGs by exploiting borax-catalyzed thiol-acrylate Michael addition and boronate ester crosslinking of 1,2-diols in dithiothreitol. The boronate ester bonds disclose glucose and pH-mediated degradation, followed by the subsequent release of therapeutic compounds in an “on-demand” fashion. Using the same route, we show that the HGs can integrate conductive elements such as gold nanoparticles, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), or MXene (Ti₃C₂Tx) thereby establishing an electrically active HG network. The resulting HGs can be processed using extrusion-based techniques, yielding enhanced conductivity, stretchability, adhesiveness, self-healing properties, and thermo-responsiveness. In addition, upon glucose absorption and subsequent destabilization, the proposed HG systems generate electrochemical responses across a wide glucose concentration range (from μM to mM), highlighting their potential for integration in wearable point-of-care devices. Finally, an in vitro wound healing assay reveals enhanced wound closure in the presence of the composite HGs, thereby highlighting their potential use in wound management.

Graphical abstract

In this work, we present a new strategy to fabricate a composite hydrogel that exhibits selfhealing, adhesiveness, injectability, printability, responsiveness, and conductivity. By incorporating polyethylene glycol diacrylate, dithiothreitol, borax, and gold nanoparticles or other conductive fillers, these composite hydrogels offer broad potential for applications such as drug delivery, wound healing, and bioelectronic devices.