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<p>Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a pivotal innovation for multiple distinct target organs drug delivery, with applications spanning drug administration, disease diagnostics, health monitoring, therapeutic interventions, and cosmetology. The efficacy of these applications is contingent upon the manufacturing techniques of MNs, their geometric configurations-encompassing solid, hollow, and dissolving MNs and their inherent properties, which include drug loading capacity, penetration depth, mechanical strength, tolerability, and safety profiles. These factors collectively dictate the performance and therapeutic efficacy of MNs. As research advances, the primary challenge is developing MN technology that can intelligently respond to pathological and physiological cues within the body. Achieving this requires integrating multifunctional components, such as drug carriers, highly sensitive biosensors, and data analytics modules, into a miniaturized MN device. This integration presents significant manufacturing challenges. Among the various manufacturing technologies, 3D-printing stands out due to its rapid prototyping capabilities, precision in creating complex structures, and potential for personalizing MN designs. These advantages make 3D printing an exemplary approach for merging MN technology with other advanced systems, particularly in developing sophisticated multiple distinct target organs drug delivery systems and medical devices. The application potential of this technology is vast, holding the promise to catalyze further advancements in MN technology within the biomedical sector. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the technical intricacies of 3D-printed MN arrays and their biomedical applications. We will delve into the critical factors influencing the clinical translation of 3D-printed MN arrays and explore the prospective clinical applications of MN technology and the future developmental avenues opened up by 3D printing technology. Additionally, the applications and future development trends in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence (AI)-guided MN design, multifunctional or hybrid MNs, and their integration with biosensors and responsive materials have been emphasized. This review offers readers an exhaustive perspective on 3D-printed MN technology and its capacity to drive innovation in medical science.</p>

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Advancing microneedle technology for multiple distinct target organs drug delivery through 3D printing: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Tong Huo,
  • Liping Zhou,
  • Xiaochun Bian,
  • Yongqiang Wen

摘要

Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a pivotal innovation for multiple distinct target organs drug delivery, with applications spanning drug administration, disease diagnostics, health monitoring, therapeutic interventions, and cosmetology. The efficacy of these applications is contingent upon the manufacturing techniques of MNs, their geometric configurations-encompassing solid, hollow, and dissolving MNs and their inherent properties, which include drug loading capacity, penetration depth, mechanical strength, tolerability, and safety profiles. These factors collectively dictate the performance and therapeutic efficacy of MNs. As research advances, the primary challenge is developing MN technology that can intelligently respond to pathological and physiological cues within the body. Achieving this requires integrating multifunctional components, such as drug carriers, highly sensitive biosensors, and data analytics modules, into a miniaturized MN device. This integration presents significant manufacturing challenges. Among the various manufacturing technologies, 3D-printing stands out due to its rapid prototyping capabilities, precision in creating complex structures, and potential for personalizing MN designs. These advantages make 3D printing an exemplary approach for merging MN technology with other advanced systems, particularly in developing sophisticated multiple distinct target organs drug delivery systems and medical devices. The application potential of this technology is vast, holding the promise to catalyze further advancements in MN technology within the biomedical sector. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the technical intricacies of 3D-printed MN arrays and their biomedical applications. We will delve into the critical factors influencing the clinical translation of 3D-printed MN arrays and explore the prospective clinical applications of MN technology and the future developmental avenues opened up by 3D printing technology. Additionally, the applications and future development trends in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence (AI)-guided MN design, multifunctional or hybrid MNs, and their integration with biosensors and responsive materials have been emphasized. This review offers readers an exhaustive perspective on 3D-printed MN technology and its capacity to drive innovation in medical science.