Electrospun 3D nanofibrous materials and their applications in orthopaedics

Advancing modern technology has propelled biomedicine and materials science to the forefront of scientific interest. As modern science evolves, it demands greater synergy between disciplines. In the realm of orthopaedics, the complex architecture of bone necessitates implants that balance strength with porosity. This dual requirement beckons a profound grasp that spans the realms of biomedicine and materials science, urging a deep dive into both fields to craft the perfect synergy for bone implant materials. Journeying through materials and orthopaedic science, this article systematically discussed the preparation of 3D porous structures by electrospinning technology for orthopaedics. It began by detailing electrospinning techniques, their principles, processes, materials, and design strategies within materials science. Material characterization methods were then presented. In biomedicine, we offered a concise overview of standard testing methods, from cell viability to staining. Building on the foundational knowledge of both fields, it reviewed 3D electrospinning strategies and summarized recent research progress in bone tissue culture with this method. This review sought to offer a structured comprehension of the intersecting disciplines to researchers, establishing a robust basis for material innovation tailored to orthopaedic-specific demands.