Metal-organic framework derived carbon-based composites for high-performance microwave absorption

There is an urgent need to develop high-performance absorbing materials to address the challenges of military stealth and daily electromagnetic pollution. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered promising candidates due to their high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable chemical structures. MOFs can be templates or precursors to transform into porous carbon, porous oxides, and metal-carbon composites at elevated temperatures. This paper reviews the synthesis strategies and recent advancements in MOF-derived carbon-based composites. The impact of various components and unique microstructures on these composites’ microwave absorption (MA) properties is analyzed. The discussion encompasses a range of composites, including porous carbon (PC) composites (such as metal/PC, metal oxide/PC, and metal/metal oxide/PC), as well as MOF derivatives combined with graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon fibers (CFs). Additionally, the challenges and future directions regarding developing carbon-based microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) derived from MOFs are discussed. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the design techniques pertinent to MOF-derived carbon-based composites in high-efficiency MAMs.