Lightweight double-layer structured ANF/MXene aerogel film with electromagnetic interference shielding and dynamic infrared camouflage

Developing a multifunctional protection material compatible with infrared (IR) stealth and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is urgently required but challenging to ensure special human safety and maintain the smooth operation of electronic equipment. Herein, it is designed and fabricated a double-layered ANF/MXene film containing a thermally insulated aramid nanofiber (ANF) aerogel and low emissivity MXene coating with integrated long-term thermal camouflage at elevated temperatures and highly efficient EMI shielding capability. In this system, the lower aerogel film can act as a barrier to insulate heat transfer through its novel skin–core structure under ultralow directional thermal conduction, while the upper Ti₃C₂T_x MXene coating can provide a very low emissivity surface and highly conductive network. Owing to its unique double-layer structure, the ANF/MXene film demonstrates a significant EMI shielding effectiveness of 43.6 dB and a remarkably low emissivity of 0.24, delivering excellent IR stealth performance across various ambient temperatures. This research lays the foundation for the creation of versatile protective materials that have great potential for use in both military and civilian contexts.