Progress of MOFs and their derivatives for mitigating air pollution

The post-industrial revolution era has witnessed unprecedented economic and technological growth, leading to a significant surge in population and industrial advancements. However, this rapid progress has been accompanied by a concerning increase in environmental degradation, resulting in mass extinctions and posing a serious threat to both ecosystems and human health. Addressing these pressing challenges requires innovative solutions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are crystalline structures made of metal ions or clusters interwoven with organic ligands, are one intriguing technique. MOFs have gotten a lot of interest because of their amazing specific surface area, tunable pore size, and adaptability. Their development holds significant potential for mitigating industrial waste gas emissions and improving environmental quality across various applications. This comprehensive review delves into the pivotal role of MOFs in air purification. Beginning with an exploration of the hazards, origins, and complexities of haze, the review meticulously examines the applications of MOFs in addressing various pollutants, including SO₂, NO_x, PM_2.5, automobile exhaust, coal-fired flue gas, fuel emissions, and incineration byproducts. Each section provides insight into design principles, adsorption mechanisms, and transformation processes for effective pollutant mitigation. Overall, this review demonstrates an array of effective and environmentally sound technical methodologies, underscoring the pivotal role of MOFs in combating multifaceted air pollution. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking sustainable solutions to complex environmental challenges.