<p>Aflaj are the main groundwater resources in Oman, and agriculture largely depends on these resources; approximately 26,500 hectares are irrigated by them. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of aflaj-related research conducted in Oman. In total, sixty journal articles, book chapters, and books were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. To this end, a dedicated archive of these publications was created, and all necessary analyses were performed. Through this review article, less-discussed features of the aflaj are explained, a new subject classification on aflaj studies is developed, several statistics related to the collected documents are disseminated, and finally, a preservation roadmap to have regular maintenance of aflaj is proposed. Findings showed that the “management” class has the highest number of published documents among all classes. Additionally, the results revealed that the number of published documents has increased significantly from 2013 to 2024, mainly due to growing water shortages associated with climate change. Furthermore, the outputs indicated that most case studies focus on falaj Al-Khatmain, falaj Daris, and falaj Al-Malki. Finally, the authors propose a roadmap for regular maintenance of aflaj, which can be applied by responsible persons or authorities to address any changes in flowrate. In the last, the authors suggest integrating the underlying principles of aflaj into modern groundwater extraction technologies to make them resilient, compatible, flexible, and sustainable.</p>